Angular momentum operator Updated 2025-07-16
Basically the operators are just analogous to the classical ones e.g. the classical:
becomes:
Besides the angular momentum in each direction, we also have the total angular momentum:
Then you have to understand what each one of those does to the each atomic orbital:
There is an uncertainty principle between the x, y and z angular momentums, we can only measure one of them with certainty at a time. Video 1. "Quantum Mechanics 7a - Angular Momentum I by ViaScience (2013)" justifies this intuitively by mentioning that this is analogous to precession: if you try to measure electrons e.g. with the Zeeman effect the precess on the other directions which you end up modifing.
CAPTCHA Updated 2025-07-16
Spark-gap transmitter Updated 2025-07-16
The first type of device that allowed sending Morse code without wires, as opposed to the wired electrical telegraph that previously existed.
Naval communications was one of the first major applications, as you can't have wires on boats!
Wireless voice transmission came about with modulation.
Video 1.
Spark-gap transmitter at the at the The Museum of Radio and Technology Jeri Ellsworth (2017)
Source.
Translation group Updated 2025-07-16
This is a good and simple first example of Lie algebra to look into.
Transfection Updated 2025-07-16
RNA polymerase Updated 2025-07-16
Converts DNA to RNA.
Operon Updated 2025-07-16
Sequence of genes under a single promoter. For an example, see E. Coli K-12 MG1655 operon thrLABC.
A single operon may produce multiple different transcription units depending on certain conditions, see: operon vs transcription unit.
SendGrid Updated 2025-07-16
The first one Ciro Santilli managed to get working in 2022, and which has a free plan.
You can either verify your sending domain by adding 3 DNS records.
Saw the email on Gmail, but Microsoft Outlook did put it into junk though. Yahoo mail also worked fine.
100 emails a day is not insane, but it is forever and appropriate for a test, I'm happy with that.

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