Children: Ion channels
CLIC5 (Chloride Intracellular Channel 5) is a protein that is part of the CLIC (Chloride Intracellular Channel) family. These proteins are known for their role in cellular chloride ion transport and signaling. CLIC5, in particular, has been implicated in various physiological processes, including cell volume regulation, muscle contraction, and potentially playing a role in certain diseases.
CLIC6, or Chloride Intracellular Channel protein 6, is a protein that belongs to the CLIC (Chloride Intracellular Channel) family of proteins. These proteins are characterized by their ability to form ion channels that are selective for chloride ions, which play important roles in various cellular processes, including maintaining the cell's electrochemical gradient, regulating cell volume, and signaling. CLIC6 is involved in several physiological and pathological processes.
CLNS1A, or "Calsyntenin-1," is a protein encoded by the CLNS1A gene in humans. It is part of the calsyntenin family of proteins, which are involved in neural functions and are particularly expressed in neuronal tissues. Calsyntenins have been implicated in various processes, including synaptic function, neuronal development, and possibly the regulation of intracellular trafficking of proteins.
CLNS1B (Clathrin-Associated Protein, N-terminal Domain) is a protein that is encoded by the CLNS1B gene in humans. This protein is involved in various cellular processes, particularly in the context of endocytosis, where it plays a role in the trafficking and sorting of proteins and lipids within cells. CLNS1B is part of the clathrin-coated vesicle system, which is crucial for the internalization of molecules from the cell surface.
CNGB1 stands for "cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B," which is a gene that encodes a protein involved in the sensory transduction pathway in photoreceptor cells of the retina. Specifically, it is a part of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway that is crucial for vision.
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating potassium ion (K+) flow across cell membranes. It is encoded by the **KCNMA1** gene in humans. The protein is part of the large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel family, which is known for its ability to be activated by both intracellular calcium ions and membrane depolarization.
Calcium channels are specialized proteins located in the cell membrane that facilitate the movement of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into and out of cells. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, hormone secretion, and the regulation of heartbeat. There are several types of calcium channels, which can be broadly categorized into: 1. **Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels (VGCCs)**: These channels open in response to changes in membrane potential.
The calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit, commonly referred to as **CACNA1H**, is a protein that forms part of a type of calcium channel in the body. Specifically, it is a subunit of the T-type calcium channels, which are involved in various physiological processes.
Calcium release-activated channels (CRAC channels) are a type of ion channel that is primarily involved in the regulation of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in cells. These channels play a crucial role in cellular signaling processes, particularly in response to various stimuli that lead to calcium release from internal stores, especially the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
CatSper3 (CatSper channel 3) is a member of the CatSper (cation channel of sperm) family of ion channels, which are important for male fertility. These channels are primarily expressed in sperm cells and are crucial for processes such as sperm motility and the ability of sperm to navigate toward the egg during fertilization. CatSper channels are calcium-permeable ion channels that help regulate intracellular calcium levels in sperm.
CatSper4 is a protein that is part of the CatSper (Cation channel of sperm) family of ion channels, which are critical for sperm motility and fertility in many animals, including humans. These channels primarily facilitate the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into sperm cells, which is essential for various physiological processes, including sperm activation, movement, and the ability to fertilize an egg.
The cation channel superfamily refers to a diverse group of ion channels that primarily conduct cations, which are positively charged ions such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca²+), and magnesium (Mg²+). These channels play critical roles in various physiological processes, including the regulation of cellular excitability, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and signal transduction.
Cation channels of sperm are specialized ion channels located in the membranes of sperm cells that facilitate the flow of positively charged ions (cations) into and out of the sperm. These channels play a crucial role in sperm function, particularly in processes related to motility, fertilization, and hyperactivation.
Cav1.1 refers to a type of voltage-gated calcium channel that is primarily found in skeletal muscle cells. It is a crucial component in the excitation-contraction coupling process, which translates electrical signals from the nervous system into muscle contraction. Cav1.1 is a large protein, and its full name is "calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit.
Cav1.2 is a type of voltage-gated calcium channel that is predominantly found in cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as in neurons. It is a member of the Cav1 family of calcium channels and is also known as the alpha-1C subunit of the channel. These channels are critical for the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into cells, which is essential for various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression.
Cav1.3 refers to a specific subtype of voltage-gated calcium channels known as the Cav1.3 channel, which is encoded by the CACNA1D gene in humans. These channels are part of the larger family of calcium channels and play a crucial role in various physiological processes. ### Key Features of Cav1.3: 1. **Function**: Cav1.
Cav1.4 refers to a specific type of voltage-gated calcium channel, which is part of the Cav1 family of channels. These channels are crucial for the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into cells in response to membrane depolarization. Cav1.4 is primarily found in the retina, particularly in photoreceptor cells (such as rods and cones) and some bipolar cells. Key features of Cav1.
Cav2.1, also known as P/Q-type calcium channels, is a member of the voltage-gated calcium channel family. These channels are critical for various physiological processes, including neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, and other cellular signaling mechanisms. Cav2.1 channels are primarily found in the central nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction. The term "Cav2.