Children: Ion channels
The term "channelome" refers to the complete set of ion channels expressed in a particular cell, tissue, or organism. Ion channels are proteins that facilitate the movement of ions across cell membranes, played crucial roles in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and maintaining the resting membrane potential of cells.
Channelrhodopsin is a type of light-sensitive ion channel primarily derived from certain species of green algae. These proteins are important tools in the field of optogenetics, a technique that allows researchers to control neuronal activity using light. Channelrhodopsins function by changing conformation in response to light, typically blue or green wavelengths, which allows ions such as sodium or calcium to flow into the cell.
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1 (CNGA1) is a protein that is part of the family of ion channels known as cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. These channels are primarily involved in the sensory transduction processes in the visual and olfactory systems, allowing for the conversion of chemical signals into electrical signals in response to cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP).
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 2 (CNG channel alpha 2) refers to a protein that is part of a group of ion channels known as cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. These channels are primarily involved in sensory transduction processes, particularly in the olfactory system (for smell) and in photoreceptors in the retina (for vision).
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 3 (CNGA3) is a protein that forms a part of the ion channel complex involved in sensory transduction, particularly in photoreceptors in the retina. It is one of the alpha subunits of the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, which are sensitive to cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP).
Cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3 (CNGB3) is a protein that is a part of the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, which are a type of ion channel that is activated by the binding of cyclic nucleotides, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).
Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels are a type of ion channel that are primarily activated by cyclic nucleotides, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). These channels are critical components in various physiological processes, particularly in sensory transduction, including vision and olfaction.
Cys-loop receptors are a family of neurotransmitter receptors that are characterized by their structural signature known as the "Cys-loop." These receptors are integral membrane proteins that mediate fast synaptic transmission in the nervous system. They are named after a conserved cysteine (Cys) loop in their extracellular domain, which is pivotal for their function.
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GABAA receptors are a type of receptor in the central nervous system that respond to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. These receptors play a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. GABAA receptors are ionotropic receptors, meaning they are ligand-gated ion channels.
GABRA2 is a gene that encodes a subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, specifically the GABA-A receptor. GABA receptors are critical for inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, playing a key role in regulating neuronal excitability and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. The GABRA2 gene is involved in various functions, including modulation of anxiety, sedation, and the development of certain neurological and psychiatric disorders.
GABRA3 is a gene that encodes the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor subunit alpha3. GABA receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) and play a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. The GABRA3 protein is part of the pentameric structure that forms the GABA A receptor, which consists of five subunits.
GABRA4 is a gene that encodes the alpha-4 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor. GABA receptors are major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in modulating neuronal excitability and contributing to the regulation of various brain functions, including anxiety, mood, and muscle relaxation.
GABRA5 is a gene that encodes the alpha-5 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAAR). GABAARs are integral membrane proteins that mediate the inhibitory neurotransmitter effects of GABA in the brain. The GABAAR is a pentameric structure, meaning it is composed of five subunits, which can be a combination of different types of subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, etc.).
GABRB1, or gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1, is a protein-coding gene in humans. It encodes a subunit of the GABA_A receptor, which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the central nervous system. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) plays a crucial role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.
GABRB2 is a gene that encodes the beta-2 subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the central nervous system. GABA receptors are integral in regulating neuronal excitability and play a key role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. The GABA receptor is a pentameric complex, meaning it is composed of five subunits.
GABRD (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Delta) is a gene that encodes a subunit of the GABA receptor, which is a type of neurotransmitter receptor in the central nervous system. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, playing a crucial role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.