General paresis, tabes dorsalis and diagnostic framework; not a description of what was proved in 1864.

Primary case report, 2019. Introduction and clinical discussion describe pain, myotomal signs, causes and variable time course. No patient findings are transferred to the examination.

Journal of Mental Science 9(48), pp. 467–493. The primary opening explicitly adopts the term general paresis to avoid confusion with general paralysis. The original printed date is distinguished from the 2018 digital publication date. The full article was not required for the claim made here.

Institutional description of head injury, concussion and warning signs; present medical comparison.

Recommendations §§1.4.1–1.4.2 distinguish initial stabilization from assessment and require exclusion of important traumatic brain injury before attributing impaired consciousness to intoxication. Indexed official text was available; direct retrieval intermittently returned HTTP 403.

Neuronal excitability is a neuron's capacity to produce regenerative electrical responses to input. In a spiking neuron, sufficiently strong input recruits voltage-gated ion channels and initiates an action potential; the threshold and firing pattern depend on the membrane potential, recent activity and the available ion channels.

In current clamp, a series of input electric current steps can reveal the smallest tested stimulus that elicits an action potential and how firing changes with stronger input. These measurements distinguish a neuron that receives large inputs from one whose own membrane converts modest inputs into repeated spikes.^[ref]

Epilepsy is a brain disorder involving an enduring predisposition to epileptic seizures. The condition includes different seizure types and causes; a single seizure provoked by a temporary disturbance does not automatically establish it.

The distinction between an individual event and a continuing predisposition is important in both diagnosis and research. Counting events, classifying their mechanism and investigating the underlying cause answer different questions.^[ref]

A seizure is a transient episode of altered function. In neurological usage, an epileptic seizure arises from abnormal excessive or synchronized neural activity; episodes resembling seizures can also have other mechanisms.

The observed change can involve movement, sensation, awareness or behavior. A single event does not by itself establish epilepsy, and the absence of visible convulsions does not exclude an epileptic event.^[ref]

A profound sustained impairment of consciousness in which a person cannot be awakened. This medical use is distinct from coma.

An involuntary movement pattern; a clinical sign rather than a single cause.

Inability to sustain a voluntary posture or action; it can be demonstrated during assessment of chorea.

Delirium is an acute, often fluctuating disturbance of attention and awareness accompanied by changes in cognition. It can arise through many medical, toxic or physiological processes, so the syndrome does not specify a single cause.

Its rapid time course and fluctuation help distinguish it from a stable longstanding cognitive difference or the usual gradual course of dementia. Delirium and dementia can nevertheless coexist.

Alcohol withdrawal is a syndrome arising after a reduction or cessation of sustained alcohol exposure in a physiologically adapted person. Symptoms reflect altered regulation of neural activity and can range from tremor and autonomic activation to seizures or delirium tremens.

Alcohol withdrawal is distinct from current alcohol intoxication. The timing of exposure and its reduction matters when interpreting apparently similar changes in behavior or awareness.^[ref]

Polyneuropathy is dysfunction affecting multiple peripheral nerves. It can involve sensory, motor or autonomic fibers, with patterns that depend on the affected cell components and the distribution of injury.

A length-dependent pattern often begins distally because long axons are especially vulnerable to some systemic processes. This is a different anatomical organization from a single compressed nerve or a lesion confined to the spinal cord.

A tendon reflex is a muscle response elicited by a brief stretch, commonly produced by tapping its tendon. Stretch activates sensory input to a spinal circuit that can excite the corresponding motor neurons.

Its size depends on both the local reflex pathway and descending influences. An altered response can therefore inform localization, but an isolated brisk or weak response does not uniquely identify the underlying disease.

Apparent inability to move without necessarily having motor denervation; pain from osteochondritis or periostitis in congenital syphilis is one example.

A developmental motor disorder associated with disturbances of the developing brain. Causes and patterns vary; progressive loss of attained abilities requires reassessment.