Primary source: www.harvard.edu/about/history/timeline/

Verified locator: Official university timeline, 1928 entry, directly names Philip Drinker and Louis Agassiz Shaw, Jr. with the School of Public Health respirator. Used for this identity linkage, not to establish an absolute invention-priority claim.

Primary source: www.jci.org/articles/view/100253

Verified locator: J Clin Invest 8(1), 33–46, 1 December 1929, DOI 10.1172/JCI100253. Primary byline Louis A. Shaw and Philip Drinker. Printed p. 33 distinguishes laboratory tests on curarized cats from clinical use not yet available; pp. 33–35 describe chamber, collar, window and pumping. Full scanned publisher PDF inspected.

Primary physiological study, Critical Care 20, 98 (2016), DOI 10.1186/s13054-016-1278-5. Abstract and Results distinguish transmission of pressure changes from baseline pressure contributed by the esophageal wall; 36 participants, 50 measurement series. The byline gives Francesco Mojoli and collaborators. The article examples of offset and response lag are independent illustrative models.

Clinical Experts Group technical article, first publication 14 July 2017, updated 30 September 2020. Opening definition and Calculations distinguish total, external and intrinsic PEEP. Measuring AutoPEEP contrasts a whole-breath least-squares estimate with end-expiratory occlusion and notes potential underestimation by the fitted estimate in severe dynamic hyperinflation. Device-operation instructions are not adopted as individual treatment recommendations.

Primary manufacturer technical description, Proximal flow and pressure measurement and Clinical evidence sections: measurement near the airway opening distinguishes patient flow from breathing-circuit storage. The page reproduces the Cannon and Nève study abstracts; circuit-compliance correction alone did not remove all remote-versus-airway measurement differences in those studies. No universal device accuracy or individual setting is inferred.

J Clin Invest 7(2), 229–247 (1929), DOI 10.1172/JCI100226. Pages 230–231 and Figures 1–2 describe the sheet-metal tank, neck collar, head outside at atmospheric pressure and pressure-driven chest movement. The original apparatus report distinguishes pressure applied around the body from pressure applied at the airway.

Primary manufacturer parameter definition: oxygen partial pressure is the gas-phase oxygen pressure in equilibrium with the blood and reflects dissolved oxygen rather than total hemoglobin-bound oxygen. Definition and clinical-significance sections distinguish oxygen tension from oxygen content; no individual diagnostic threshold is adopted.

Official named profile. Header and Primary Appointment establish surgery; Biosketch, Personal Statement, describes heart/lung transplantation and work on artificial-heart, ventricular-assist and extracorporeal-support devices. The identified portrait immediately precedes the named header: sompaweb.z13.web.core.windows.net/Faculty/Griffith_Bartley-hero.jpg . Profile read; direct image preview returned cache miss. No date inferred for the undated profile.

Official named faculty profile. The Overview identifies respiratory mechanics and control of ventilation among research interests. The named portrait link is researcherprofiles.org/profile/Modules/CustomViewPersonGeneralInfo/PhotoHandler.ashx?NodeID=178316&cachekey=18c06573-4685-42f4-85f1-c025d14707ea . The page was inspected; direct portrait preview returned cache miss. The directory string Nmn is not adopted as a personal-name expansion.

Primary source: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13357554/

Verified locator: Primary abstract: H. E. Karrer, Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology 2(4 Suppl), 287–292, 25 July 1956; DOI 10.1083/jcb.2.4.287; PMCID PMC2229681. Three mouse-lung electron micrographs show variable apparent width between alveolar epithelium and endothelium; oblique sectioning is explicitly a possible explanation for some thickening. PubMed abstract inspected; full scanned paper not inspected.

Primary source: courses.healthtech.dtu.dk/22485/documents/kasai_et_al_1985.pdf

Verified locator: IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics SU-32(3), 458–464, May 1985. Original p. 458 gives full bylines Chihiro Kasai, Koroku Namekawa, Akira Koyano and Ryozo Omoto. Abstract and Sections II–III describe autocorrelation estimates, a combined pulsed Doppler system and scanner/phantom experiments. Original paper PDF hosted by Technical University of Denmark.

Primary manufacturer explanation by Clinical Experts Group, Hamilton Medical, first published 30 August 2017. Measurement on Hamilton Medical ventilators defines driving pressure as plateau pressure minus total PEEP, distinguishes inspiratory and expiratory holds, and specifies absence of active effort and leakage. Cited for measurement definitions only, not patient settings or outcome thresholds.

Manufacturer primary technical explanation by Clinical Experts Group, Hamilton Medical. Definition of airway pressures and Principles of measuring plateau pressures distinguish peak, no-flow plateau and computed/displayed estimates. Conditions and supported device/software descriptions are specific to the article; no universal interface behavior is inferred.

Journal of Clinical Investigation 33(1), 41–48 (1 January 1954), DOI 10.1172/JCI102868. Primary first byline J. Bartels; title identifies a comparison of single-breath gas-analysis measurements. The indexed opening of page 41 describes simultaneous gas-fraction and mouth-flow recording following an oxygen breath.