Multimedia Manual of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2007, mmcts.2006.002527; DOI 10.1510/mmcts.2006.002527. Original expert anatomical exposition; Abstract distinguishes semilunar leaflet attachments, the ventriculo-aortic junction and the crown-like three-dimensional arrangement. Primary full byline Robert H Anderson.

Official named institutional profile. General Information identifies the cardiology unit and cardiac/cardiovascular research areas; publication-name variants include Unlu S. and Unlu Serkan. No birth dates or portrait URL inferred.

Primary source: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2604028/

Verified locator: Primary 1959 article, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 31(6), 387–396; first byline Ole Storstein. Methods describes intra-esophageal balloon pressure measurement and a Sanborn differential pressure transducer connected also to mouthpiece pressure. The paper distinguishes compliance from airway resistance.

Methods, simultaneous-curve and compliance-definition paragraphs, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2604028/ : pressure, tidal volume and flow were recorded together; effective compliance used corresponding no-mouth-airflow points. Discussion, opening paragraph, explicitly notes treating a nonuniform mechanical system as uniform. These are the measurement-definition and model-limit passages cited in the Storstein profile.

Official institutional publication profile, Sophia Bäck; ORCID 0000-0002-1090-0112. Research statement describes computational fluid dynamics of cardiac blood flow; publication list includes the 2024 atrial flow-component paper.

Official named institutional profile. Bio & Overview identifies a cardiologist working on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; the page labels its portrait “Christopher M Kramer, MD”.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering 31(10), 1171–1181 (2003), DOI 10.1114/1.1616929. Abstract: eleven human mitral valves in a left-heart simulator with flat versus saddle annular configurations; chordal force transducers in six experiments. Shape changed chordal force distribution without a significant change in regurgitant volume in the tested comparison.

European Heart Journal–Cardiovascular Imaging 21(3), 337–343 (2020), DOI 10.1093/ehjci/jez189. Abstract, Methods and results: 72 participants, GE Vivid E9 acquisition; deliberately foreshortened apical windows one rib-space above optimal windows; ejection fraction and strain compared using two analysis systems.

Abstract, Results and Conclusion, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31361311/ : foreshortening affected longitudinal deformation measurements differently by myocardial layer and analysis system, with larger effects in apical regions and in endocardial than midwall measurements. The profile uses this as evidence for acquisition-dependent estimation, not a universal patient threshold.

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 22, article 17 (2020), DOI 10.1186/s12968-020-00607-1. General techniques, Left ventricular structure and function, items 3 and 6; Figures 1–3: apex/mitral-center alignment and linked long-axis/short-axis planning.

Annals of Internal Medicine 99(5), 628–630 (1983), DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-628. Abstract: physical examination and two-dimensional echocardiography in 41 patients; impulse location alone was not a reliable indicator of increased end-diastolic volume.

Additional exact abstract result: among patients without left ventricular hypertrophy, an apical impulse diameter greater than 3 cm in the left lateral decubitus position had reported sensitivity 92% and specificity 91%. These are subgroup- and criterion-specific figures, not the performance of impulse location alone or a general palpation rule. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6227265/

American Journal of Physiology–Heart and Circulatory Physiology 326(3), H511–H521 (2024; online 22 December 2023), DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00614.2023. Abstract and Methods: time-resolved CT, computational fluid dynamics and particle tracking distinguish six atrial flow components. Figure 7 compares flow components with volumetric indices.

Methods, Flow Component Analysis, Figure 1: residual volume remains over two tracked cardiac cycles; retained inflow has entered during the preceding cycle and remains. The paragraph immediately after Figure 1 explains why summed component volumes need not equal maximum atrial volume and lists candidate normalization denominators.

Primary source: www.ncl.ac.uk/medical-sciences/people/profile/briandiffey.html

Verified locator: Official named profile: Emeritus Professor Brian Diffey, photobiology; Background records Dryburn Hospital medical-physics work; Publications lists Diffey BL entries; Research Interests describes measurement of human ultraviolet exposure.

Primary source: www.va.gov/vdl/documents/Clinical/CPRS-Clinical_Reminders/pxrm_2_22_mm.pdf

Verified locator: Official VA Clinical Reminders Manager’s Manual, July 2012, printed p. 36: Formulas for Body Surface Area Calculator, Mosteller equation uses height in centimetres, mass in kilograms and a divisor of 3600 under the square root to give square metres.

Primary source: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3657876/

Verified locator: Primary initial-only byline R. D. Mosteller; New England Journal of Medicine 317(17), 1098, 22 October 1987; letter; DOI 10.1056/NEJM198710223171717.

Primary source: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12188765/

Verified locator: Primary initial-only first byline B. Schulz; Physical Review E 65(6), 061913, June 2002; DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.061913. Abstract: spectroscopic ellipsometry measures changes in complex refractive index during hydration and dehydration, interpreted with more weakly and more tightly associated water in keratin.

Primary Abstract, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12188765/ : changes of complex refractive index during hydration and dehydration revealed characteristic time domains of approximately 4, 150 and 3,200 minutes, interpreted with more weakly and more tightly associated water in keratin. These are study-specific conditioning responses, not measurements of matrix production or universal nail-growth constants.

Journal of Heart Valve Disease 14(3), 295–302 (2005). Abstract, Methods and Results: human/porcine mitral valves in a left-heart simulator, chordal force transducers and controlled papillary-muscle displacements; changes in tension depend on chordal type.

Additional verified Methods details: six human and five porcine mitral valves; force transducers on six chordae; eight papillary-muscle positions constructed from 5-mm vectorial displacements from the normal position. These counts and perturbations specify the simulator experiment. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15974521/

Primary source: www.cincinnatichildrens.org/bio/o/alexander-opotowsky

Verified locator: Official named profile, research interests in exercise physiology, pulmonary vascular disease and right ventricular function; page image explicitly identified as a photo of Alexander Opotowsky.

Primary source: www.ascires.com/hospital/medico/dra-alicia-maceira/

Verified locator: Official named cardiologist profile: Cardióloga; Especialista en Diagnóstico Cardiológico por Imagen; named cardiology portrait.

Primary source: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6821639/

Verified locator: Primary byline S. G. Parker and B. L. Diffey. British Journal of Dermatology 108(1), 11–16, January 1983; DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04573.x. Abstract: thirteen autopsy toenails, fifteen wavelengths over 300–600 nm; irradiation monochromator, integrating sphere and photodiode; correction for nail fluorescence.

Primary Abstract, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6821639/ : the thirteen measured autopsy toenails exhibited decreasing transmission as wavelength decreased from 600 towards 300 nm. This is a reported spectral trend for the examined material, separate from its detector geometry and fluorescence correction.

European Heart Journal 27(23), 2879–2888 (2006); DOI 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl336. Abstract, Methods and results: 120 healthy subjects (60 men and 60 women, aged 20–80 years), with steady-state free-precession cine imaging and three-dimensional modelling of right ventricular volumes and function. First-author byline: Alicia M. Maceira. academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-abstract/27/23/2879/2887398

Primary Results and Conclusion, DOI doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl336 : age, body surface area and sex predict several right-ventricular parameters; some age associations persist after size normalization. This distinguishes indexed volume from a reference interval conditioned on the study population and imaging procedure.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 23(1), 15–21 (2001); DOI 10.1007/s00276-001-0015-0. Abstract: dissection of 37 formalin-fixed adult human hearts; variable vein–artery relationships, small cardiac vein present in 54% of specimens, and anterior/posterior interventricular venous anastomosis in 19%. First-author byline: J R Ortale.