Topics (384k) Articles (398k) Users (410) Discussions (242) Comments (383) Files (13k) New article
The atmospheric nitrogen oxide . Daylight photodissociation forms nitrogen monoxide and an oxygen atom; subsequent third-body recombination with oxygen forms ozone. Whether this makes net ozone depends on the pathway that regenerated nitrogen dioxide.
A neurite is an extension from a neuron's soma, used especially when the process has not yet been identified as an axon or a dendrite. This neutral term is useful in developmental biology: an early process need not already have the mature molecular composition or signaling role of either compartment.
Repeated imaging of individual cultured hippocampus neurons showed several initially similar neurites, followed by rapid elongation of one future axon and later differentiation of the other processes into dendrites. Shape at a single early time point therefore need not settle eventual identity.[ref]
The establishment of polarity by hippocampal neurons in culture by Carlos G. Dotti and others. Abstract and sequential observations, pp. 1454–1468
Axon guidance directs a growing axon toward appropriate regions or targets. Local signals affect the behavior of its growth cone, linking molecular recognition to directed extension. Reaching a region and forming a functional synapse remain different stages, so an anatomical path alone does not demonstrate a working circuit.
Acquisition of neuronal identity and function. Commitment, subtype specification, maturation and survival should be measured separately rather than inferred from one neuronal marker.
A precursor able to produce one or more neural cell types. multipotency is a property of an individual progenitor under tested conditions, not merely of a mixed population.
The neural network associated with the digestive tract, contributing to local coordination of motility and secretion.
Differences in reproductive success arising through access to mates or fertilizations. Conspicuous signals can diverge rapidly under sexual selection without equivalent divergence in the functions required for meiosis.
Opposing effects of the same inherited variant on reproductive performance in the two sexes. Net evolutionary outcomes depend on inheritance, sex-specific expression and the strength of the opposing effects.
Removal of harmful inherited variants through their lower genotype fitness. Reduced efficacy in small biological populations can permit harmful changes to spread more readily by genetic drift.
A process by which a heritable change is favoured through an increase in lineage reproductive success under defined conditions. In tumours, mutation opportunity and selection must be analysed separately.
A divergence between the outcomes favoured by selection on different individuals, replicating lineages or genetic elements. Conflict can exist without overt fighting.
A framework combining an actor’s effects on its own reproduction with effects on others, weighted by appropriate genetic relatedness and reproductive values. Coefficients and marginal effects depend on the model and population structure.
Dependence of relative fitness on the frequencies of variants in the population. Its sign and strength must be specified for the ecological context.
Viability selection is natural selection through differences in survival to a specified life stage. If two inherited types contribute equal numbers initially but one survives more often to maturity, their frequencies among survivors change even before mating or differences in offspring number are measured.
For initial type frequency and survival probabilities , the surviving frequency is whenever the denominator is positive. The denominator is the overall survival probability. This is the same normalization principle used in the haploid selection recurrence, applied specifically to survival rather than complete lifetime genotype fitness.
Selection maintaining more than one inherited variant. Heterozygote advantage and appropriate negative frequency dependence are different mechanisms that can produce this outcome.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact