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Establishment and sustained expansion at a distant site. A disseminated biological cell can survive or remain dormant without completing this stage.
A cancer biological cell found away from the primary site. Its presence does not prove that it will generate a clinically significant distant colony.
A cancer biological cell detected in blood circulation. Detection measures one part of dissemination rather than total metastatic success.
Persistence without substantial net expansion under specified conditions. Cellular quiescence and a balance between proliferation and death are different possible mechanisms.
An assay introducing tumour biological cells at a selected point of dissemination, for example by vascular injection. Its interpretation must state which preceding barriers were bypassed.
A transition metal has an incompletely filled d subshell in its atom or a relevant cation. Its metal–ligand orbital interactions support varied oxidation states, magnetic states and coordination geometries.
Palladium is the chemical element with atomic number 46 and symbol . It is a transition metal. It is widely used in catalysis, including reactions involving hydrogen and carbon-carbon bond formation. Its ability to absorb hydrogen also makes it relevant to hydrogen transport through metals.[ref]
Tantalum is the chemical element with atomic number 73 and symbol . It is a transition metal. Its compact oxide surface resists corrosion, and tantalum oxide provides a dielectric layer in capacitors. The behavior connects surface passivation with an electrical application.[ref]
A pooled quality-control sample combines representative portions of study samples and is measured repeatedly to monitor analytical consistency. In metabolomics, it provides a shared mixture against which changes in retention, signal intensity, or instrument drift can be tracked.
It is distinct from a biological replicate and from a certified concentration standard. A stable pooled sample supports assessment of measurement reproducibility, but does not by itself prove correct identification or absolute quantification of every metabolite.
A hydroxyglutarate metabolite whose enantiomer and source matter. The R form accumulates after the neomorphic reaction of certain cancer-associated IDH1 mutants.
A metabolic flux is the rate of material flow through a specified reaction or pathway. Pool size, transcript abundance and maximal enzyme activity do not individually determine it.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact