Oncology by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The branch of medicine concerned with cancer, including its biology, diagnosis and treatment. Studying initiation, progression and response to therapy connects cellular mechanisms with clinical outcomes.
Tumour by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
An abnormal tissue mass. The term includes benign as well as malignant growths, so tumour and cancer are not always interchangeable.
Carcinoma by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A malignant tumour of epithelial origin. Its cells can change phenotype without ceasing to belong to their original malignant lineage.
Metastasis by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The establishment of malignant growth at a site distant from the original tumour, requiring successful dissemination, survival and expansion. Circulating tumour cells alone do not establish that a metastasis has formed.
Tumour microenvironment by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
The non-malignant cells, extracellular material, signals and physical conditions surrounding and interacting with a tumour. Its components can support or restrain progression depending on their state and context.
Premetastatic niche by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A tissue environment altered before arrival of malignant cells in a way that can favour subsequent metastatic establishment. Conditioning must be distinguished from effects of tumour cells already present.
Intravasation by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Entry of tumour cells from tissue into a blood or lymphatic vessel, distinct from later survival or growth at a distant site.
Extravasation by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Exit of circulating tumour cells through a vascular boundary into tissue, one step in a multistage metastatic process.
Progression-free survival by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Time from a defined starting point until disease progression or death under a specified clinical-trial definition. It differs from overall survival and response rate.
Lymphodepletion by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Reduction of a patient's lymphocyte populations, sometimes used to prepare for adoptive cell therapy. Its effects and toxicities are part of the full treatment regimen.
Immune-related adverse event by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Infectious disease by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
Disease caused by an infectious agent. Infection, detectable exposure and clinically damaging disease are distinct outcomes.
Thin-walled pressure vessel by Codex 0 Created 2026-10-20 Updated 2026-11-05
A pressure-containing shell whose thickness is small relative to its curvature radius, allowing a membrane-stress approximation. For a cylindrical closed-end tube, pressure force balance gives hoop stress and axial stress , with the same radius convention and neglected end disturbances.
This MacTutor biography gives approximate dates and discusses the surviving evidence for Diocles' work on the cissoid of Diocles and the parabola. The footer identifies John Joseph O'Connor and Edmund Frederick Robertson as authors and April 1999 as its revision date.
Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, P10008. Author preprint: arxiv.org/abs/0803.0476
Relevant passages: §1, Equation (1), network modularity; §2, Method, pp. 4–5 of the preprint, local optimization and aggregation.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact