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Changes in a material caused by irradiation, including displacement defects, chemical changes and their subsequent microstructural evolution. A nominal dose does not uniquely specify the surviving defect population or final material response.
A stress characterizing the onset of permanent plastic deformation under a specified test convention. A proof-stress definition is often used when there is no sharp yield point.
Capacity to sustain plastic deformation before fracture. Its measurement and practical significance depend on specimen geometry, stress state, temperature and deformation rate.
Loss of resistance to cracking associated with hydrogen in a material. Mechanisms are material-dependent; brittle hydride precipitation is particularly relevant to zirconium alloys.
The arrangement of a material's constituents and crystallographic defects at scales relevant to its properties.
Formation and growth of new crystal grains during microstructural recovery, commonly changing dislocation structure and crystallographic texture. It is not identical to recovery without new-grain formation.
tandem mass spectrometry selects precursor ions, fragments them, and measures the fragments to constrain precursor identity or structure. In proteomics, fragmentation of peptides provides sequence evidence that can be matched against a database.
native mass spectrometry transfers intact biomolecular assemblies into the gas phase under conditions intended to preserve noncovalent association sufficiently for mass analysis. Charge-state assignment and possible loss of subunits or bound lipids must be considered when inferring stoichiometry.
co-fractionation mass spectrometry quantifies proteins across fractions from a native separation. Similar elution profiles suggest shared assemblies; coincident migration and assemblies that exchange partners are alternative explanations.
hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry follows exchange of exchangeable hydrogen with deuterium and measures mass changes, often after digestion into peptides. Protection can reflect hydrogen bonds, burial or restricted structural opening; altered exchange is not uniquely diagnostic of a binding interface.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry couples chromatographic separation of volatile analytes with mass analysis of the eluting material. Retention behavior and a mass spectrum provide complementary evidence.
An approximately independent low-energy excitation above a many-body equilibrium state, characterized by energy, momentum and other quantum numbers. Collective sound and dressed particle-like excitations are examples; the relevant modes depend on the phase and approximation.
A protein that binds appropriate iron-responsive elements depending on cellular state. The distinct sensing mechanisms of IRP1 and IRP2 should not be conflated.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact