The Cavendish experiment measures the weak Newtonian gravitational field between laboratory masses with a torsion balance, and can be used to determine the gravitational constant.
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The Cavendish experiment, conducted by British scientist Henry Cavendish in 1797-1798, was a groundbreaking experiment that measured the force of gravitational attraction between masses. The primary aim of the experiment was to determine the density of the Earth, but it also yielded the first accurate measurement of the gravitational constant (G), which is fundamental to our understanding of gravitational interactions.