Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 iii Paper 210 4 Solution 2026-09-28
The squared-loss Le Cam two-point lemma says that for two experiments with scalar parameters ,Indeed, classify the data as when is closer to and as otherwise. On a classification error, the estimation error is at least . The sum of the two testing error probabilities is at least . Averaging the two risks and then bounding their maximum proves the result.
Let . The Hölder class on consists of functions with derivatives through order whose th derivative is Hölder of order with constant , with the standard integer-order convention.
Fix any . First compare the constant regression functions and with . Both belong to every Hölder class under the seminorm convention, and the normal-product divergence isPinsker and Le Cam therefore give a lower bound .
For the smoothness-dependent term, use the supplied smooth bump , translated one-sidedly near a boundary when necessary, and compareChoose its fixed normalization so that whenever . The Gaussian divergence satisfiesTakewith the bandwidth and amplitude truncated at constants when this expression leaves . Then the divergence remains bounded andThe same construction can be placed at every , with a one-sided bump at the endpoints. Pinsker and Le Cam, combined with the constant alternatives, provewhere depends only on .
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 210 4 Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
Le Cam two-point lemma states, for squared-error estimation at parameter points , thatTake , . The one-observation uniform densities overlap on length , so . ThereforeThe first distance inequality gives . Le Cam's lemma now yieldsThis proves the claim with the displayed universal positive constant.