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Strict increase alone does not suffice in the preceding theorem. Let ${\sigma }_j=1-1/j$, $c_j=2^{-j}$ and $f(y)=\eta (y){\sum }_{j\ge 1}{2}^{-j}{y}^{1-1/j}$, where $\eta$ is continuous, equals one on $(0,1]$ and vanishes on $[2,\infty )$. After division by the next power, every finite remainder extends continuously to zero. Nevertheless the Mellin transform has genuine poles at $-{\sigma }_j$ accumulating at $-1$, so it cannot be a meromorphic function on the whole plane.

Contour shifting deforms a complex integration path through a region where the integrand is meromorphic. The residue theorem says that the change equals $2\pi i$ times the sum of residues of the poles crossed.

The quotient sheaf ${\mathcal{K}}_X^{\ast }/{\mathcal{O}}_X^{\ast }$ records the zero and pole orders of local nonzero meromorphic functions. Each of its global sections is naturally a divisor on a complex manifold on $X$.

The connecting homomorphism ofsends a divisor on a complex manifold $D$ to its holomorphic line bundle associated to a divisor $\mathcal{O}(D)$ in the Picard group. Its kernel consists exactly of the principal divisors of global nonzero meromorphic functions.

An elliptic function is a meromorphic function with two real-linearly independent periods ${\omega }_1,{\omega }_2$. A fundamental cell is a half-open parallelogramOpposite boundary integrals cancel. Consequently a nonconstant elliptic function has equally many zeros and poles in a cell, counted with multiplicity, and the sum of its pole residues in a cell is zero.

The Weierstrass elliptic function is the quotient map from the complex torus by $z\mapsto -z$. An even elliptic function descends through this map; its even Laurent series at each branch point makes the descended function meromorphic there. A meromorphic function on the Riemann sphere is rational, so $f=Q(\wp )$.

Let $g$ be a meromorphic function with simple poles ${\alpha }_{+}$ above $c$ and ${\alpha }_{-}$ below $-c$, and $zg(z)\to 0$ uniformly at infinity in $\mathrm{Im}z\ge -c$. The left-to-right line integrals $H(\lambda )=(2\pi i{)}^{-1}{\int }_{\mathbb{R}-ic}g(z)/(z-\lambda )dz$ and $J(\lambda )=-(2\pi i{)}^{-1}{\int }_{\mathbb{R}+ic}g(z)/(z-\lambda )dz$ satisfy $H=g-r_{+}/(\lambda -{\alpha }_{+})$ above $-c$ and $J=r_{+}/(\lambda -{\alpha }_{+})$ below $c$, where $r_{+}$ is the upper residue. Upper semicircle closure proves both formulas by the residue theorem; subtracting the principal part makes $H$ holomorphic at ${\alpha }_{+}$ too. Consequently $H+J=g$ on the intervening strip. No lower-half-plane decay is needed.

For a Cartier divisor $D$, the associated line bundle $\mathcal{O}(D)$ has local sections given by meromorphic functions $f$ satisfying $(f)+D\ge 0$. Its canonical meromorphic section has divisor $D$.

A family $(A_i)$ of subsets of a topological space is locally finite if every point has a neighbourhood meeting only finitely many of its members. On a compact space such a family has only finitely many nonempty members. For singleton subsets of a Riemann surface, this is the condition permitting prescribed poles of a meromorphic function without accumulation inside the surface.

A meromorphic continuation extends a holomorphic function from a connected open set to a larger connected domain as a meromorphic function, allowing isolated poles. Equality on the initial open set determines the extension uniquely by the identity theorem. Integral formulas whose integrands depend holomorphically on a parameter often supply such an extension after contour deformation or subtraction of singular terms.

The Mittag-Leffler problem asks for a global meromorphic function with prescribed principal parts at a discrete collection of points. For a finite collection, those principal parts define a Čech cocycle for the sheaf $\mathcal{O}$; vanishing of its class in ${\check{H}}^1(X,\mathcal{O})$ is exactly the condition that the problem has a solution.