Fermi–Dirac statistics is a quantum statistical framework that describes the distribution of particles, specifically fermions, which are particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Fermions include particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and they have half-integer spin (e.g., 1/2, 3/2). In systems of indistinguishable fermions, no two particles can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.

The EPS Statistical and Nonlinear Physics Prize is an award given by the European Physical Society (EPS) to recognize outstanding contributions in the fields of statistical physics and nonlinear phenomena. This prize honors researchers who have made significant advancements or discoveries in these areas, which encompass a wide range of topics including complex systems, phase transitions, and nonlinear dynamics. The award aims to celebrate the important role of statistical mechanics and nonlinear science in understanding and modeling physical systems.

Entropy of network ensembles refers to a concept in statistical physics and network theory that quantifies the amount of uncertainty or disorder in a particular ensemble of networks. In this context, a "network ensemble" is a collection of networks that share certain properties or constraints, such as degree distribution, clustering coefficient, or overall connectivity structure. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Network Ensembles**: - These are groups of networks that are generated under specific statistical rules.

Gibbs' paradox highlights an apparent contradiction in statistical mechanics regarding the entropy of mixing identical particles or gases. It arises when considering the entropy change associated with mixing two gases or ensembles of particles that are indistinguishable. In classical thermodynamics, when two different gases are mixed, the entropy of the system increases due to the increased number of available microstates.

Cluster expansion is a mathematical and computational technique used to analyze and represent complex systems, particularly in statistical mechanics, statistical physics, and combinatorial optimization. The method involves expressing a system's properties or behavior in terms of sums over clusters, or groups of interacting components. This approach can simplify the study of many-particle systems by allowing one to break down the interactions into manageable parts.

Configuration entropy refers to the measure of the number of microstates (specific arrangements) corresponding to a given macrostate (overall state) of a system. In other words, it quantifies the degree of disorder or randomness associated with a particular arrangement of particles in a system. In thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, entropy is often associated with the level of uncertainty or disorder within a system. Specifically, configuration entropy appears in contexts where the arrangement of particles or components influences the system's properties.

The Coulomb gap refers to an energy gap that arises in disordered electronic systems, particularly in granular or amorphous materials where localized charge carriers interact weakly with one another. This concept is often discussed in the context of insulating materials and systems near the metal-insulator transition.

Mean-field theory (MFT) is a statistical physics and mathematical physics approach that simplifies complex many-body systems by averaging the effects of all individual particles or entities on one another. In this framework, instead of dealing with the complicated interactions of every particle in a system, the average effect of all particles is considered to define a "mean field" that influences each particle.

Fick's laws of diffusion describe how substances diffuse, providing a quantitative framework for understanding the movement of particles within a medium. There are two main laws: ### Fick's First Law: This law states that the flux of a substance (the amount of substance passing through a unit area per unit time) is proportional to the concentration gradient.

The fundamental thermodynamic relation is a central concept in thermodynamics that relates changes in internal energy to changes in entropy and volume. It is derived from the first and second laws of thermodynamics and describes the changes in a system’s state as it exchanges heat and work with its surroundings.

List of the sub-journals at: journals.aps.org/browse

TODO why it is optimal: physics.stackexchange.com/questions/149214/why-is-the-carnot-engine-the-most-efficient

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