Friederike Mengel is a notable researcher in the field of economics, particularly known for her work in game theory and experimental economics. She is a professor and has contributed to various studies exploring how individuals make decisions in strategic situations. Mengel's research often involves empirical methods to understand behavior in economic contexts and how different variables can affect decision-making processes.

Georg Nöldeke (1832–1918) was a notable German scholar and philologist, particularly recognized for his contributions to the study of Islamic literature, including Arabic and Persian texts. He played a significant role in the analysis and interpretation of the Quran and Islamic historical literature. One of his well-known works is the "History of the Quran," in which he examined the evolution of the Quranic text and its historical context.

George Boolos was an American philosopher and logician, particularly noted for his work in mathematical logic and the philosophy of mathematics. He was born on March 4, 1940, and passed away on January 27, 1998. Boolos is well-regarded for his contributions to the understanding of formal systems, the nature of mathematical truth, and the philosophical implications of Gödel's incompleteness theorems.

George R. Price was a notable American mathematician and population biologist, primarily known for his work in theoretical biology and for developing the Price equation, which describes how the frequency of alleles in a population changes over time due to different evolutionary processes. His equation is significant in the fields of evolutionary biology and genetics. In addition to his contributions to mathematics and biology, Price had an intriguing life, marked by his shift from academia to a more philosophical and sometimes challenging existence in later years.

Howard Raiffa (1924-2016) was a prominent American mathematician and a key figure in the fields of decision science, operations research, and game theory. He made significant contributions to the understanding of decision-making under uncertainty and the processes involved in negotiation and conflict resolution. Raiffa is well-known for his work on the development of analytical frameworks for making decisions, including the concept of multi-criteria decision analysis.

Hugo Steinhaus was a prominent Polish mathematician known for his work in various fields, including functional analysis, probability theory, and mathematical logic. Born on January 14, 1887, in what is now Poland, he became a significant figure in the Polish mathematical community and was associated with the Lwów School of Mathematics. Steinhaus was well-known for his collaborative work with other mathematicians, including Stefan Banach and Włodzimierz H corski.

John Harsanyi (1920–2000) was a Hungarian-American economist and Nobel laureate known for his significant contributions to game theory, behavioral economics, and the theory of social choice. He was born in Hungary and faced persecution during World War II, which led him to emigrate to Australia, and later to the United States.

Jonathan Schaeffer is a Canadian computer scientist known for his contributions to artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of game playing and combinatorial search. He is a professor at the University of Alberta and has worked extensively on algorithm development for games such as checkers and chess. One of his most notable achievements is the development of "Chinook," a checkers-playing program that was the first to win a world championship title against a human opponent in 1994.

Jean Tirole is a prominent French economist known for his work in the fields of industrial organization, game theory, and regulation. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2014 for his analysis of market power and regulation, particularly in relation to monopolies and oligopolies. Tirole's research has significantly influenced the understanding of how firms interact in markets and how regulators can design policies to promote competitive behavior and improve market outcomes.

László Mérő is a Hungarian psychologist, mathematician, and author known for his work in cognitive science and decision theory. He has made contributions to the understanding of human reasoning, decision-making, and the intersection of psychology and mathematics. Mérő is also recognized for his popular science books and writings, which often explore complex ideas in an accessible manner. Additionally, he has been involved in the development of educational tools and games that promote mathematical thinking and logical reasoning.

Matthew O. Jackson is an economist known for his research in the fields of game theory, network theory, and social and economic interactions. He has made significant contributions to understanding how networks influence economic behavior and outcomes, as well as investigating topics related to matching, bargaining, and social dynamics. Jackson has held academic positions at various institutions and has published numerous articles and books on topics related to his areas of expertise.

Melvin Dresher was an American mathematician known for his work in the field of game theory. He contributed to the development of various concepts in the area, particularly in relation to zero-sum games and optimal strategies. Dresher's work in the mid-20th century helped to expand the understanding of strategic interactions in competitive situations. One of his notable contributions is the development of the concept of mixed strategies in game theory.

John Glen Wardrop is best known for his contributions to the field of transportation engineering, particularly for formulating the Wardrop Principles, which are fundamental to the study of traffic flow and equilibrium in transportation networks. The first of these principles states that traffic will distribute itself across a network in such a way that no driver can reduce their travel time by changing routes, leading to what's called a "user equilibrium.

Michael Taylor is a political scientist known for his work in the fields of political theory, democratic theory, and political behavior. His research often focuses on topics such as democracy, political engagement, and the implications of individual behavior on political systems. It’s important to note that there may be multiple individuals with the name "Michael Taylor" in the academic world, and their contributions may vary widely by field and focus.

Michihiro Kandori is a notable figure in the field of computer science, particularly in the area of artificial intelligence and machine learning. He is recognized for his research contributions and developments in algorithms, optimization, and data analysis. However, without more specific context or detail about the aspect of his work you're interested in, I cannot provide more precise information.

Robert W. Rosenthal is an American psychologist renowned for his contributions to social psychology, particularly in the areas of expectancy effects and experimental psychology. He is most famous for his work on the "Rosenthal effect," also known as the "Pygmalion effect," which describes how higher expectations from teachers can lead to improved performance in students. Rosenthal's research has examined the interplay of expectation, communication, and behavioral outcomes in various contexts, including education and interpersonal relationships.

Kuno Lorenz is a German philosopher known for his work in the fields of philosophy of language, epistemology, and the philosophy of mind. He has contributed to discussions about the nature of meaning, understanding, and the relationship between language and thought. His philosophical inquiries often draw on insights from both analytic and continental traditions, and he has engaged with a variety of topics, including the implications of modern science for philosophical thought.

Leon Petrosyan is a Russian professional mixed martial artist competing in the lightweight division. Born on March 22, 1998, he is known for his striking skills and has competed in organizations like the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Petrosyan has gained attention for his performances in the octagon, showcasing his talent and potential as a rising fighter in the sport.

Marina Halac is a notable figure in the field of economics, particularly recognized for her work in game theory and its applications to political economy and information economics. As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, she is a professor at Yale University, where she has contributed to both research and teaching. Halac's research often focuses on strategic interactions in various contexts, such as political institutions and economic policies, exploring how these elements influence decision-making processes.

R. Duncan Luce is a prominent American mathematician and psychologist known for his significant contributions to the fields of decision theory, utility theory, and mathematical psychology. He is best recognized for his work on measurement theory and the development of the Luce model, which describes how individuals make choices among discrete alternatives. His research has influenced various areas, including economics, cognitive science, and operations research.