A noise curve, often referred to in contexts such as acoustics, electronics, or statistics, describes the relationship between the level of noise and some other variable, such as frequency or time. The concept can vary depending on its application: 1. **In Acoustics**: A noise curve can represent how sound intensity varies across different frequencies.

Main implementations: the same as electronic switches: vacuum tubes in the past, and transistors in the second half of the 20th century.

The fundamental intuition about capacitors is that they never let electrons through.

They can only absorb electrons up to a certain point, but then the pushback becomes too strong, and current stops.

Therefore, they cannot conduct direct current long term.

For alternating current however, things are different, because in alternating current, electrons are just jiggling back and forward a little bit around a center point. So you can send alternating current power across a capacitor.

The key equation that relates Voltage to electric current in the capacitor is:So if a voltage Heavyside step function is applied what happens is:More realistically, one may consider the behavior or the series RC circuit to see what happens without infinities when a capacitor is involved as in the step response of the series RC circuit.

This is what happens when you apply a step voltage to a series RC circuit: TODO $I(t)$ graph.

This was the first generation of commercially successful radios.

It uses a crystal detector as its diode, which is a crucial element of the radio, thus its name.

They were superseded by transistor radios, which were much more reliable, portable and could amplify the signal received.

GPIO generally only supports discrete outputs.

But for some types of hardware, like LEDs and some motors, the system has some inertia, and if you switch on and off fast enough, you get a result similar to having an intermediate voltage.

So with pulse width modulation we can fake analog output from digital output in a good enough manner.

Engineering analysis is a systematic process used to evaluate and solve problems in engineering contexts. It involves applying mathematical and scientific principles to understand the behavior of systems, materials, and processes, helping engineers to design, optimize, and improve products and systems. Key components of engineering analysis include: 1. **Problem Definition**: Clearly identifying the problem to be solved or the question to be answered. 2. **Modeling**: Creating mathematical or computational models that represent the physical system or process.

Hydrogen pinch refers to a situation in the hydrogen economy or hydrogen supply chain where there is a significant imbalance between hydrogen supply and demand. This can occur when demand for hydrogen exceeds the available supply, leading to increased prices and potential shortages. The concept of a "pinch" is commonly used in resource and energy economics to describe constraints on supply that can impact pricing and availability.

Psychopolitical validity is a concept that merges psychological insights with political theory to evaluate how personal experiences and identities intersect with broader political contexts. It emphasizes understanding how individual psychological factors—such as emotions, motivations, and beliefs—inform and are informed by political beliefs and actions. The term reflects a recognition of the interplay between the psyche and political systems, suggesting that personal experiences of oppression, identity formation, and social interactions can shape political attitudes and behaviors.

In philosophy, the term "state of affairs" refers to the way the world is at a particular time, often in relation to the existence or non-existence of certain facts, conditions, or situations. The concept is primarily associated with the fields of metaphysics and philosophy of language. A state of affairs comprises a specific arrangement of objects and their properties, as well as the relationships that hold between them.

Notably used to connect:

You can buy large sets of them in combitation of male/male, male/female, female/female. Male/male is perhaps the most important

These often come pre-soldered on devboards, e.g. and allow for easy access to GPIO pins. E.g. they're present on the Raspberry Pi 2.

Why would someone ever sell a devboard without them pre-soldered!

Allows you to connect two adjacent pins of a pin header. Sometimes used as a hardware configuration interface!

First watch: Video "Oscillators: RC, LC, Crystal by GreatScott! (2015)"