Mawson Bank is a proposed underwater habitat and research station located in the Southern Ocean, near the Antarctic continent. It is part of efforts to explore and understand the unique ecosystems of the region, particularly in the area of marine biology and climate change. The project aims to provide a platform for scientific research, habitat preservation, and potentially even tourism in a sustainable manner.

The Nansen Basin is a deep oceanic basin located in the Arctic Ocean, specifically in the central part of the Arctic. It is named after the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen, who contributed significantly to Arctic research in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Nansen Basin is characterized by its bathymetry, which includes deep trenches and relatively flat seafloor regions. It is surrounded by various underwater features, including ridges and continental shelves.

The North Korea Cold Current, also known as the East Korea Current, is an oceanic current that flows along the eastern coast of North Korea into the Sea of Japan (also known as the East Sea in Korea). It is part of the larger North Pacific Ocean currents system. This cold current originates from the Northwest Pacific and is characterized by its relatively low temperatures compared to surrounding waters. It generally flows southward and can influence local marine ecosystems, weather patterns, and climate conditions in the region.

Orphan Knoll is a submerged bank located in the Atlantic Ocean, specifically within the Hudson Canyon, which is off the coast of New Jersey. It is part of the continental shelf and is known for its unique underwater topography and marine ecosystems. Orphan Knoll is recognized for its rich biodiversity and is often studied for its ecological significance. The knoll is characterized by its elevation relative to the surrounding seabed, making it an important habitat for various marine species, including fish and invertebrates.

Porcupine Bank is an underwater bank, or elevated seabed, located off the southwest coast of Ireland in the Atlantic Ocean. It is characterized by its relatively shallow waters compared to the surrounding deeper seabed. The bank is situated between the Porcupine Abyssal Plain to the south and the continental shelf of Ireland to the north. The Porcupine Bank is of interest for several reasons, including its unique marine ecosystems, geological features, and potential resources.

Rosemary Bank is an underwater feature located in the South Atlantic Ocean, specifically near the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. It is classified as a seamount, which is an underwater mountain formed by volcanic activity. The seamount rises from the ocean floor and can serve as important habitats for marine life, as well as areas of scientific interest due to their unique ecosystems. Rosemary Bank is known for supporting diverse biological communities, including various fish species and other marine organisms.

Scatarie Bank is a small, underwater bank located off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated near Scatarie Island, in the Atlantic Ocean. The bank is characterized by its shallow waters and rocky seabed, which can be significant for marine navigation and ecology. In a broader context, "bank" refers to a submerged elevation, which can affect ocean currents and serve as a habitat for various marine species.

Scripps Canyon is a geographic feature located in La Jolla, California, near the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The canyon is part of the coastal landscape and is known for its deep marine environment and unique geological formations. It typically features steep cliffs and a variety of marine habitats, making it a notable site for both scientific research and recreational activities such as hiking, snorkeling, and diving.

Shirshov Ridge is a submerged mountain range located in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Kuril Islands and southeast of the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia. It is part of the North Pacific Ocean's geological features and is primarily known for its volcanic activity and unique underwater topography. The ridge is named after the Soviet geologist and oceanographer Aleksandr Shirshov, who contributed significantly to the study of the seafloor and oceanography in the region.

The Sulu Trench is a deep underwater trench in the Sulu Sea, located in Southeast Asia. It lies to the east of the Philippines and runs between the Philippine archipelago and the island of Borneo. The Sulu Trench is one of the deepest oceanic trenches in the world, with a maximum depth of around 6,000 meters (19,685 feet).

Vergilov Ridge is a geographic feature located in Antarctica, specifically within the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains. It is a prominent ridge that extends approximately 20 kilometers (about 12.4 miles) and is situated between Mount Tyree and Mount Craddock. The ridge was named in honor of the Bulgarian geographer and scientist, Ivan Vergilov. The region is characterized by its rugged terrain and harsh climatic conditions typical of the Antarctic environment.

The Wharton Basin is a tectonic feature located in the Indian Ocean, situated between the northern part of the Indian Ocean and the southern part of the Java Sea. It is an area of significant geological interest, characterized by complex fault systems and a variety of oceanic and tectonic processes. The basin is named after Captain William Wharton, who was involved in early explorations of the region.

Pearl and Hermes Atoll is a small coral atoll located in the northwestern part of the Hawaiian Islands, within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. It is situated about 1,200 miles northwest of Honolulu, Hawaii. The atoll consists of two main islets, Pearl Island and Hermes Reef, surrounded by a lagoon.

The West Maui Mountains, located on the Hawaiian island of Maui, are a volcanic mountain range known for their rugged terrain, lush vegetation, and scenic beauty. They are part of the West Maui Volcano, which is one of the two main volcanic formations on the island, the other being the Haleakalā Volcano.

Slope stability refers to the condition of inclined soil or rock slopes and their ability to withstand failure due to various forces acting upon them. It is a critical aspect of geotechnical engineering, involving the assessment and management of slopes in both natural and man-made environments. The stability of a slope is influenced by several factors, including: 1. **Material Properties**: The shear strength of the soil or rock, which depends on factors like cohesion, internal friction angle, and moisture content.

Voltage-gated ion channels are specialized proteins found in the cell membrane that open or close in response to changes in the membrane potential (voltage). They play a crucial role in the generation and propagation of electrical signals in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. Here are key features of voltage-gated ion channels: 1. **Voltage Sensitivity**: These channels have a voltage sensor that detects changes in the electrical charge across the membrane.

The alpha-3 beta-2 nicotinic receptor (α3β2 nAChR) is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor that is a part of the larger family of ionotropic receptors. These receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) as well as nicotine.

KCNV1 is a gene that codes for a protein known as "KCNV1 potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily V, member 1." This protein is part of the voltage-gated potassium channel family, which plays a crucial role in the electrical properties of cells, especially in the nervous system. KCNV1 is particularly important in the retina and is involved in the regulation of the neuronal excitability of photoreceptor cells.

Graded potentials are small changes in the membrane potential of a neuron or other excitable cell that occur in response to stimuli. Unlike action potentials, which are all-or-nothing responses, graded potentials can vary in magnitude and direction depending on the strength and duration of the stimulus. Key characteristics of graded potentials include: 1. **Magnitude**: The amplitude of a graded potential is proportional to the strength of the stimulus. A stronger stimulus produces a larger graded potential.

Paralytic is a gene found in the fruit fly, *Drosophila melanogaster*. The gene encodes for a voltage-gated sodium channel, which plays a critical role in the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle cells. Mutations in this gene can lead to a range of phenotypic effects, particularly affecting the nervous system and muscle function.