Hippasus is a name associated with a few different contexts, primarily related to ancient Greece and mathematics. The most notable figure named Hippasus is a philosopher and mathematician from the Pythagorean school, who is traditionally credited with the discovery of irrational numbers, particularly in relation to the square root of 2.

Equilibrium fractionation is a process that occurs during the partitioning of isotopes between two phases (such as liquid and gas or solid and liquid) at thermal equilibrium. It is based on the principle that isotopes of a given element, although chemically identical, have slightly different physical properties due to their differing masses. During equilibrium fractionation, the distribution of isotopes between the two phases changes such that the heavier isotopes tend to concentrate in one phase while the lighter isotopes concentrate in the other.

John Bulwer (1606–1656) was an English physician and a notable figure in the early study of sign language and the communication of the deaf. He is often recognized for his work in promoting the understanding of deafness and advocating for the education of deaf individuals. One of his significant contributions is the book "Philocophus," published in 1648, which is regarded as one of the earliest texts on the subject of deafness and sign language.

"Martin Curd" does not appear to be a widely recognized term, name, or phrase in established fields or popular culture up to my last training cutoff in October 2023. It's possible that it could refer to a specific person or character not well-known, a niche topic, or a term that has emerged more recently.

Silvio Funtowicz is an Argentine philosopher of science, known for his work in the fields of science and technology studies, risk assessment, and the philosophy of science. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to the concepts of "post-normal science" and "transdisciplinarity." Post-normal science refers to a mode of science that addresses complex and uncertain issues where facts are uncertain, values in dispute, stakes high, and decisions urgent.

Ronald Giere is a philosopher known for his work in the philosophy of science, particularly regarding the nature and implications of scientific models and representation. He has contributed significantly to discussions about the relationship between science and the underlying reality it seeks to describe. One of his key ideas is that scientific models are not direct representations of reality but rather tools that help scientists understand and make predictions about the world. Giere has also explored the role of scientific reasoning and the epistemic practices involved in scientific work.

Stelarc is an Australian performance artist and philosopher known for his work that explores the relationship between the human body and technology. He often uses his own body as a medium and has incorporated various elements such as robotics, prosthetics, and virtual reality into his performances. Stelarc is particularly famous for his projects that involve augmenting his body with external devices, and he has undertaken striking performances like having a third arm suspended and controlled by a computer or undergoing medical interventions to explore the boundaries of human capability.

Wilhelm Windelband (1848–1915) was a German philosopher and a key figure in the development of neo-Kantianism, a philosophical movement that sought to reinterpret and revitalize the ideas of Immanuel Kant in response to the challenges posed by modern philosophy and the sciences.

Philosophy of linguistics is a subfield of philosophy that explores the nature, origins, and implications of language from a philosophical perspective. It involves examining the fundamental questions related to language, such as: 1. **Nature of Meaning**: What does it mean for words and sentences to have meaning? How do we understand and interpret language? 2. **Reference and Truth**: How do words refer to objects, concepts, or states of affairs in the world?

Background independence is a concept primarily used in theoretical physics, particularly in the context of general relativity and quantum gravity. It refers to the idea that the laws of physics should not depend on a fixed background structure, such as spacetime itself. In other words, the theory should be formulated in such a way that the geometry of spacetime is not predetermined or fixed, but rather emerges from the physical processes described by the theory.

The Tarner Lectures are a series of prestigious public lectures held at Trinity College, Cambridge. Established in 1831, they are designed to explore topics in philosophy, theology, and the sciences, often emphasizing the relationship between these disciplines. The lectures are named after John Tarner, a benefactor who endowed the series. The aim of the Tarner Lectures is to promote intellectual discourse and encourage engagement with complex ideas, making profound philosophical concepts accessible to a wider audience.

Paremiology is the study of proverbs. It is a branch of knowledge that examines the form, meaning, usage, and cultural significance of proverbs across different languages and societies. Proverbs are traditional sayings that encapsulate a general truth, moral lesson, or piece of advice, often reflecting cultural beliefs and values. Paremiology involves analyzing how these sayings are structured, how they are used in communication, and how they vary between cultures, as well as their role in social and linguistic contexts.

The term "astronomical constant" can refer to different specific constants used in astronomy, but one of the most commonly referred to is the **Astronomical Unit (AU)**. The Astronomical Unit is defined as the average distance between Earth and the Sun, which is approximately \( 149.6 \) million kilometers (or about \( 93 \) million miles).

The G-factor, or g-factor, is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the magnetic moment and angular momentum of particles, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons. It is particularly significant in the context of atomic and particle physics, as well as in magnetic resonance and quantum mechanics. 1. **Electron g-factor**: For an electron, the g-factor is close to -2. This factor arises from the electron's intrinsic properties, specifically its charge and spin.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, Sonya Legg is a name that may refer to various individuals, but without more context, it is unclear who you might be referring to. There are no widely recognized figures or topics specifically noted by that name in popular culture, politics, or other prominent fields.

The Hammett acidity function, denoted as \( H \), is a quantitative measure of acidity in solutions, especially in non-aqueous solvents. It was introduced by the chemist Louis Hammett in the context of studying the acidity of different substances and their effects on chemical reactions. The function is particularly useful because it allows for a comparison of the acidity of various proton donors (acids) under varying conditions and in different solvents.

Optical waves in layered media refer to the behavior of light as it interacts with materials that have distinct layers, each with different optical properties such as refractive index, absorption, and thickness. These layered structures can include systems like: 1. **Thin Films**: Very thin layers of material, often used in coatings, can produce interference effects due to the reflection and transmission of light between the interfaces of the film and the surrounding media.

Ductile iron pipe is a type of pipe made from ductile iron, which is a versatile material known for its strength and flexibility. Here are some key features and characteristics of ductile iron pipes: 1. **Material Composition**: Ductile iron is an alloy of iron that includes small amounts of carbon and silicon, which enhances its strength and ductility (the ability to deform under stress).

Pipe flow refers to the movement of fluids through pipes, which can either be liquids or gases. It is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics and is critical in various engineering applications, including water supply systems, chemical processing, HVAC systems, and oil and gas transportation. Key aspects of pipe flow include: 1. **Flow Types**: - **Laminar Flow**: Occurs at low velocities and is characterized by smooth, parallel layers of fluid.

Cross-linked polyethylene, commonly known as PEX, is a type of polyethylene that has undergone a process that chemically links the polymer chains together. This cross-linking enhances the material's properties, making it more durable and versatile than standard polyethylene. ### Key Characteristics of PEX: 1. **Flexibility**: PEX is highly flexible, making it easier to install in various applications, especially in plumbing systems and underfloor heating.