Arthur Koestler (1905-1983) was a Hungarian-British author and journalist, best known for his works that explore themes of totalitarianism, the nature of consciousness, and existentialism. One of his most famous novels is "Darkness at Noon," published in 1940, which examines the moral dilemmas faced by individuals in a totalitarian regime, drawing from his experiences with communism and his subsequent disillusionment with it.

Bruce Lipton is a biologist and author best known for his work in the field of epigenetics and his ideas about the relationship between biology and consciousness. He gained popularity with his book "The Biology of Belief," published in 2005, which posits that beliefs and thoughts can influence cellular behavior and, consequently, one's health and well-being.

The Solovay–Kitaev theorem is a significant result in the field of quantum computing, particularly in the study of quantum circuits. It addresses the problem of approximating a given quantum gate using a finite set of gate operations. Here's an overview of its main points: 1. **Approximation of Quantum Gates**: The theorem states that any single-qubit unitary operation can be approximated to arbitrary precision using an arbitrary universal gate set, provided that the gate set is sufficiently rich.

Ken Wilber is an American philosopher and writer, best known for his work in transpersonal psychology and integral theory. Born on January 31, 1949, he has developed a comprehensive framework that attempts to synthesize various fields of knowledge, including psychology, spirituality, philosophy, and science. His influential book, "A Theory of Everything," outlines his integral approach, which seeks to integrate different perspectives and disciplines into a unified understanding of human experience and development.

Lawrence LeShan is an American psychologist, author, and parapsychologist known for his work in the fields of consciousness, human potential, and the intersection of psychology and spirituality. He has published several books and articles exploring topics such as healing, meditation, and the nature of consciousness.

As of my last update in October 2023, "Plasmaron" does not refer to a widely recognized concept, product, or term in popular culture, science, or technology. It is possible that it could be a product name, a brand, a fictional character, or a concept that has emerged recently or is specific to a niche area.

In physics, a "holon" refers to a quasiparticle that represents a charged particle in an electronic system. The concept of a holon arises in the context of one-dimensional systems and particularly in models that describe strong correlations, such as the Hubbard model and the study of spin-charge separation in strongly correlated electron systems. The idea of spin-charge separation suggests that in certain one-dimensional materials, the charge and spin of an electron can behave independently.

Magnetic skyrmionium is a novel magnetic structure that arises from the concept of skyrmions, which are topologically protected spin textures found in certain magnetic materials. While traditional skyrmions are characterized by a vortex-like configuration of spins with a nontrivial topological charge, skyrmioniums can be thought of as their counterparts with a more complex spin arrangement.

Quaternary science refers to the study of the Quaternary Period, which is the most recent geological time period, spanning the last 2.6 million years, including the present day. This field encompasses various disciplines, including geology, paleontology, archaeology, climate science, and paleoecology, focusing on understanding Earth's processes and environments during this time. Quaternary science journals are academic publications that focus on research related to the Quaternary Period.

A radium dial refers to a type of watch or clock dial that was painted with radium-based paint to create luminescence in low-light conditions. This technique became popular in the early 20th century, particularly during the 1920s to the 1960s. The primary advantage of using radium was its ability to glow in the dark, allowing users to read the time easily without needing an additional light source.

Quaternary geochronology is the branch of geology that focuses on dating and studying the Quaternary period, which is the most recent geological time period that spans from approximately 2.58 million years ago to the present. This period encompasses two major epochs: the Pleistocene, characterized by repeated glacial cycles, and the Holocene, which began around 11,700 years ago and continues to the present day.

The Late Cenozoic Ice Age, also referred to as the Quaternary Ice Age, is a period of Earth's history that began around 2.58 million years ago and continues to the present day. This time frame is defined by significant changes in the Earth's climate, characterized by repeated glaciations (ice ages) and interglacial periods where warmer temperatures lead to the melting of ice sheets.

Quaternary science is the study of the Quaternary period, which is the most recent geological time period, spanning from about 2.58 million years ago to the present. This field encompasses various disciplines, including geology, paleontology, archaeology, and environmental science, as it examines the Earth's most recent climatic changes, the development of human civilizations, and the evolution of ecosystems.

Radiation effects on optical fibers can significantly impact their performance, particularly in environments such as space, nuclear facilities, and certain medical applications where radiation exposure is common. The primary types of radiation that can affect optical fibers include ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays and neutrons) and non-ionizing radiation (such as ultraviolet light).

Threshold displacement energy (often denoted as \(E_d\)) is the minimum energy required to dislodge an atom from its lattice position in a solid, usually within a crystalline structure. This phenomenon is significant in the context of radiation damage, materials science, and nuclear engineering, particularly in understanding how materials respond to various forms of energetic radiation, such as neutrons or ions. When energetic particles collide with a material, they can transfer energy to the atoms in the lattice.

The Bragg peak refers to the phenomenon in particle physics and medical physics where charged particles, such as protons and heavy ions, deposit the majority of their energy in a very localized area at a specific depth in a material, typically within tissue or other biological substances. This effect occurs when these particles are decelerated as they pass through matter, leading to a peak in energy deposition just before they come to a stop.

Diffusing alpha emitters radiation therapy (DAERT) is a type of cancer treatment that utilizes alpha-emitting radionuclides to target malignant cells. The therapy is designed to selectively deliver high doses of radiation to tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Alpha particles are a type of ionizing radiation composed of two protons and two neutrons, and they are relatively heavy and positively charged. As a result, their range is short in biological tissues, typically only a few cell diameters.

Radiation therapy, also known as radiation oncology, is a medical treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells. It's a common treatment for various types of cancer and can be used alone or in conjunction with other treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Here’s an overview of the procedures involved in radiation therapy: ### 1.

The International Miniature Aerobatic Club (IMAC) is an organization dedicated to the promotion and growth of aerobatic flying with miniature or model aircraft. It primarily focuses on precision aerobatics, where pilots perform a series of predetermined maneuvers in a competitive format. IMAC organizes events and contests at various levels, allowing pilots to showcase their skills, improve their flying techniques, and gain experience in a structured environment.

Iodine-125 (I-125) is a radioactive isotope of iodine, with a mass number of 125. It is produced by the decay of Tellurium-125 and has a half-life of approximately 59.4 days.