Rada Mihalcea is a prominent computer scientist known for her work in natural language processing (NLP), artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics. She has made significant contributions to the field, particularly in areas such as sentiment analysis, text mining, and emotional computing. Mihalcea is a professor at the University of Michigan and has published numerous research papers, contributing to both theoretical and practical advancements in understanding and processing human language.

Raymond Reiter was a prominent computer scientist known for his significant contributions to the fields of artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, and automated reasoning. He is particularly recognized for his work on nonmonotonic reasoning and the development of formal approaches to reasoning about actions and change, including his formulation of the situation calculus and the concept of preferential models. Reiter's work has had a lasting impact on AI, influencing how we understand and formalize various aspects of intelligent behavior and reasoning in machines.

Shwetak Patel is an accomplished computer scientist and professor known for his work in the fields of ubiquitous computing, human-computer interaction, and health technology. He is a faculty member at the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington. Patel's research focuses on sensing technologies, smart environments, and ways to improve personal health and wellness through technology. He has made significant contributions in areas like energy monitoring, home automation, and health monitoring systems.

Terry Winograd is a prominent computer scientist and professor known for his contributions to the fields of artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and human-computer interaction. He is perhaps best known for his work in the 1970s on the SHRDLU program, which demonstrated the ability of a computer to understand and manipulate natural language in a restricted environment (blocks world). Winograd's work has significantly influenced the development of AI, particularly in how computers can converse and interact with humans more naturally.

Yuri Gurevich is a prominent computer scientist known for his contributions to the fields of theoretical computer science, particularly in areas such as algorithms, formal methods, and computational models. He is particularly recognized for his work on the development of the Abstract State Machine (ASM) model, which is a conceptual framework used for describing the behavior of computational systems. Gurevich has published numerous papers and has been influential in formalizing the semantics of programming languages and algorithms.

Elizabeth Scott (1926–2020) was a prominent American mathematician known for her work in the field of geometry and topology, as well as her contributions to mathematical education and advocacy for women in mathematics. She was a professor at several institutions and played a significant role in promoting mathematics among young students and women. Scott earned her Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley.

Marta Sanz-Solé is a Spanish mathematician known for her work in the fields of stochastic analysis and probability theory. She has made significant contributions to the understanding of stochastic processes, particularly in relation to mathematical finance and other applied areas. Additionally, she has been involved in various academic and research roles, promoting mathematics and its applications.

Gilbert Strang is a prominent American mathematician known for his work in linear algebra and numerical analysis. He is a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and has made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics and engineering. Strang is particularly well-known for his textbook "Linear Algebra and Its Applications," which is widely used in university courses around the world.

Helge Holden is a prominent Norwegian mathematician known for his contributions to various fields within mathematics, particularly in dynamical systems, particularly those related to partial differential equations and mathematical physics. He has made significant advancements in understanding the mathematical and physical properties of complex systems. Holden has also been involved in academic administration and has served in various educational roles.

Leonard Schulman is an American computer scientist known for his contributions to the fields of theoretical computer science, particularly in areas such as algorithms, cryptography, and computational complexity. He has published numerous papers and has been involved in various research projects. Schulman is also known for his work on error-correcting codes and the computational aspects of machine learning.

Stuart S. Antman is a notable mathematician known for his work in the field of analysis, especially in the areas of applied mathematics, partial differential equations, and mathematical modeling. He has made contributions to various topics, including numerical methods and the study of differential equations.

The Rare Earth hypothesis is a concept in astrobiology and planetary science that suggests that the conditions necessary for the emergence of complex life on Earth are incredibly rare in the universe. This hypothesis posits that while simple life forms, such as bacteria and single-celled organisms, may be common throughout the cosmos, the specific factors that have allowed complex multicellular life to evolve on Earth are unusual and not likely to be replicated elsewhere.

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a major international research initiative designed to study neutrinos, which are elusive subatomic particles that are produced in nuclear reactions, such as those occurring in the sun and in nuclear reactors. DUNE aims to address fundamental questions in particle physics, cosmology, and the nature of matter and antimatter.

The term "État second" (French for "Second State") is not commonly found in standard political discourse and may refer to different concepts depending on context. However, one interpretation relates to the concept of the "Second Estate" in the context of the French feudal system and the Estates-General, where society was traditionally divided into three estates: 1. **First Estate**: Clergy 2. **Second Estate**: Nobility 3.

A garden gnome is a decorative figurine often placed in gardens, yards, or outdoor spaces. Traditionally, garden gnomes are depicted as small humanoid figures, typically resembling elderly men with long beards, pointy hats, and colorful clothing. They are usually made from materials like ceramic, resin, or plaster. Garden gnomes are thought to have originated in Germany in the 19th century, where they were believed to protect gardens and bring good luck to their owners.

Fermat's polygonal number theorem states that every positive integer can be expressed as the sum of at most \( n \) \( n \)-gonal numbers. More specifically, for any positive integer \( n \), every positive integer can be represented as the sum of \( n \) or fewer \( n \)-gonal numbers. An \( n \)-gonal number is a number that can be arranged in a polygon with \( n \) sides.

An icosahedral number is a figurate number that represents a three-dimensional geometric shape known as an icosahedron, which has 20 triangular faces. The nth icosahedral number counts the total number of spheres that can form an arrangement of an icosahedron with n layers.

Half-Life 2: Episode Three was meant to be the third installment in a series of episodic sequels to the critically acclaimed game Half-Life 2, developed by Valve Corporation. Announced alongside Half-Life 2: Episode One in 2006, Episode Three was intended to continue the story of protagonist Gordon Freeman and his struggle against the oppressive Combine forces, picking up where Episode Two left off.