Erwin Engeler is a Swiss mathematician known for his work in the field of computer science, particularly in algorithm design and complexity theory. He has contributed to various aspects of discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science.

René de Saussure is not a widely recognized figure, but you might be referring to Ferdinand de Saussure, a Swiss linguist whose work laid the foundation for many modern linguistic theories. Ferdinand de Saussure is best known for his ideas on the structure of language and the concept of the linguistic sign, which he introduced in his seminal work "Course in General Linguistics.

As of my last update in October 2023, there isn't widely known or significant information about a person named Hajer Bahouri. It's possible that she could be a private individual or a figure in a specific field that hasn't reached mainstream recognition.

John Senyonyi is a well-known figure in the field of education and leadership, particularly in Uganda. He is recognized for his contributions as an academic and for his role as a pastor. He has served in various leadership positions, including as Vice Chancellor of Uganda Christian University (UCU), where he has been influential in promoting higher education and development within the country.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized figure or topic specifically known as "Volodymyr Koshmanenko." It is possible that he is an individual who has gained prominence after that date, or he may not be widely known on an international scale.

The 21st century has seen significant contributions from Vietnamese mathematicians, who have made their mark in various fields of mathematics, including number theory, algebra, geometry, and applied mathematics. Notably, some of these mathematicians have gained international recognition for their research and contributions to academia. ### Key Vietnamese Mathematicians 1.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, Hoàng Hiệp Phạm does not appear to be a widely recognized figure in the international context. It's possible that he may be a notable individual in a specific field, such as arts, sports, or academia, but without more context, it's difficult to provide precise information.

Fideism is a philosophical and theological viewpoint that emphasizes faith as the primary basis for knowledge and belief, particularly in matters of religion. It posits that certain truths, especially those pertaining to God and religious doctrine, can be known only through faith and not through reason, empirical evidence, or rational argumentation.

The James–Lange theory is a psychological theory of emotion that proposes that emotions arise from physiological responses to external stimuli. According to this theory, an event causes physiological changes in the body, and it is the perception of these changes that constitutes the experience of emotion. In other words, the sequence of events according to the James–Lange theory is as follows: 1. An external stimulus (like seeing a bear) triggers a physiological response (such as increased heart rate and sweating).

Theistic finitism is a philosophical position that combines elements of theism and finitism. In general terms, finitism is a view in mathematics and philosophy that holds that only finite mathematical objects and concepts are meaningful or existent. This contrasts with infinities, which finitists reject as having no genuine existence or utility. When paired with theism, theistic finitism posits that a finite God exists who is involved with the world in a meaningful way.

The William James Society is an organization dedicated to the study and promotion of the life and work of William James, the American philosopher and psychologist known for his contributions to pragmatism, functional psychology, and philosophical thought. The society aims to foster scholarly research, facilitate discussions among scholars, students, and enthusiasts of James's work, and organize events such as conferences, lectures, and publications related to his philosophy and influence.

Biological naturalism is a philosophical position primarily associated with the work of philosopher Colin McGinn. It argues that consciousness and mental states can be understood through a biological framework, emphasizing the role of evolutionary biology and neuroscience in explaining the nature of the mind. Key points of biological naturalism include: 1. **Mind-Brain Relationship**: Biological naturalism posits that mental states are closely linked to brain states.

Double-aspect theory is a philosophical concept primarily associated with the philosophy of mind and metaphysics. It posits that mental states and physical states are two aspects of a single underlying reality. Unlike dualism, which asserts that mental and physical substances are fundamentally different, or materialism, which reduces all phenomena to physical processes, double-aspect theory proposes that both mental and physical phenomena arise from the same foundational substance or reality, but they are perceived or experienced in different ways.

The "eye contact effect" refers to the psychological phenomenon in which individuals tend to feel more connected, engaged, and empathetic towards others when they maintain eye contact. This effect plays a significant role in social interactions, communication, and the development of relationships. It often enhances the perception of trustworthiness and sincerity in conversations.

Metaphysical solipsism is a philosophical idea that asserts that only one's own mind is sure to exist. In this view, knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is considered uncertain; the external world and other minds cannot be known or may not exist at all. Essentially, it posits that the individual self is the only certain reality, and everything else—including other people, objects, and the physical world—exists only as a representation or perception within that individual's consciousness.

"Personal horizon" is a concept often used in psychology and personal development to describe an individual's range of experiences, perspectives, and possibilities that influence their thoughts, behaviors, and aspirations. It encompasses a person's understanding of the world, shaped by their experiences, beliefs, social environment, education, and interactions with others. Key aspects of personal horizon include: 1. **Perceptions and Beliefs**: How one views themselves and their capabilities, as well as their beliefs about what is possible in life.

Psychophysical parallelism is a philosophical theory in the realm of the philosophy of mind, particularly related to the mind-body problem. It posits that mental events and physical events run in parallel without any direct causal interaction between them. This means that for every mental state or process, there is a corresponding physical state or process that occurs simultaneously, but neither directly influences the other.

"China Brain" is not a widely recognized term in mainstream discourse, but it may refer to several contexts depending on how it's used. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **Artificial Intelligence and Technology**: The term could relate to China's advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data processing technologies.

A philosophical zombie, often referred to as a "p-zombie," is a hypothetical being used in discussions of consciousness and the philosophy of mind. The concept describes a creature that is physically indistinguishable from a human being but lacks conscious experience, qualia, and subjective awareness. Essentially, a philosophical zombie would behave like a normal person—responding to stimuli, engaging in conversation, and performing actions—yet it would not have any internal experience or awareness of those actions.

Epistemicism is a philosophical view concerning the nature of vagueness and the interpretation of statements or terms that may lack clear boundaries. It is most closely associated with the debates surrounding vagueness in language and the sorites paradox, which involves scenarios where a series of small changes lead to a situation that seems intuitively clear but is difficult to categorize with precision.