Anode rays, also known as canal rays, are a type of positively charged particle beam observed in a discharge tube. They were discovered by Eugen Goldstein in 1886. Anode rays are produced when a high-voltage electrical discharge passes through a low-pressure gas, resulting in the ionization of the gas.

Ansaldo Energia is an Italian company that specializes in the design, manufacturing, and servicing of power generation equipment and systems. It is particularly known for its gas and steam turbines, as well as its services related to power plant operations and maintenance. Based in Genoa, Italy, the company has a significant presence in the global energy sector, supplying equipment for thermal and renewable power plants.

The Volterra series is a mathematical framework used to represent nonlinear systems in terms of their input-output relationships. Named after the Italian mathematician Vito Volterra, this series generalizes the concept of a Taylor series to handle nonlinear dynamics. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Nonlinearity**: Unlike linear systems, where output is directly proportional to input, nonlinear systems exhibit more complex behaviors. The Volterra series captures these nonlinearities systematically.

An antilinear map (or antilinear transformation) is a type of function between two vector spaces that preserves the structure of the spaces in a specific way, but differs from a linear map in terms of how it handles scalar multiplication.

The anti-nuclear movement is a social and political movement aimed at opposing the use of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. This movement has evolved since the mid-20th century, gaining prominence during the Cold War as concerns about nuclear weapons proliferation and the potential for nuclear war grew.

"Ant-Man and the Wasp" is a superhero film produced by Marvel Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is a sequel to 2015's "Ant-Man" and is part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Released in July 2018, the film is directed by Peyton Reed and stars Paul Rudd as Scott Lang/Ant-Man and Evangeline Lilly as Hope van Dyne/The Wasp.

Antonio Cagnoli (1762–1828) was an Italian astronomer and mathematician known for his contributions to celestial mechanics and astronomy. He is notable for his work in mapping the moon and for his studies related to the orbits of celestial bodies. Cagnoli was also involved in the publication of astronomical charts and contributed to the advancement of the sciences in Italy during his time. His legacy includes his role in the development of observational techniques and mathematical methods in astronomy.

Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) are a type of ion channel found in the cell membrane that play a crucial role in cellular volume regulation. They are activated in response to cell swelling, which can occur in various physiological and pathological conditions. When cells swell, they need to release ions and other small solutes to restore their original volume.

Aoshima Bunka Kyozai is a Japanese company known for producing educational materials and model kits. Founded in 1978, it specializes in creating high-quality models of various subjects, including vehicles, architecture, and figures. The company is particularly recognized for its detailed plastic model kits, which cater to hobbyists and collectors. Aoshima's products are often celebrated for their accuracy and craftsmanship, and they include a wide range of themes, from anime and manga to historical models.

Apéry's constant is a mathematical constant denoted by \( \zeta(3) \), and it is defined as the value of the Riemann zeta function at \( s = 3 \): \[ \zeta(3) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^3} \] This series converges to a specific numerical value, approximately \( 1.2020569 \).

The Apple–FBI encryption dispute refers to a significant legal and ethical conflict that arose in 2016 between Apple Inc. and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) regarding data privacy, encryption, and law enforcement access to digital information. The dispute began after the FBI investigated the December 2015 mass shooting in San Bernardino, California, which was carried out by a gunman who was using an iPhone.

Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging (ATSUI) is a technology developed by Apple that provides an interface for rendering and managing text in various scripts and languages, particularly those that require complex text layout and styling. ATSUI is part of Apple's graphics framework and is used to handle Unicode text efficiently, supporting a wide range of character sets and typographic features.

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter on an atomic or molecular scale, has a wide range of applications across various fields. Here are some of the key areas where nanotechnology is making a significant impact: 1. **Medicine and Healthcare**: - **Drug Delivery**: Nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to targeted cells, improving efficacy and reducing side effects.

An aquifer is a geological formation that can store and transmit water. It typically consists of permeable materials, such as sand, gravel, or fractured rock, that allow water to flow through them. Aquifers are crucial sources of freshwater and are often tapped for drinking water, irrigation, and industrial uses. Aquifers can be classified into two main types: 1. **Unconfined Aquifers**: These are not restricted by impermeable layers above them.

Archaeoseismology is the interdisciplinary study that investigates past earthquakes and their impacts on archaeological sites and ancient human societies. It combines principles from archaeology, geology, and seismology to understand the historical occurrence of seismic events and their effects on structures, settlements, and cultural practices. Researchers in archaeoseismology might analyze the physical remains of ancient buildings that show evidence of earthquake damage, such as collapsed walls or irregular foundations.

Ardeshir Hosseinpour is an Iranian-American entrepreneur and activist known for his involvement in various initiatives and organizations related to social, cultural, and educational issues, particularly in relation to Iranian and Middle Eastern communities.

Map projection is the systematic method used to represent the three-dimensional surface of the Earth (which is roughly spherical) on a two-dimensional plane (such as a flat map). Since the Earth is curved, projecting its surface onto a flat map involves some distortions in area, shape, distance, or direction. Various map projections serve different purposes, and each has its own advantages and limitations depending on the specific requirements of the map's use.

"Arming" ships refers to the process of equipping naval vessels with weaponry and other military equipment essential for their operational capabilities. This includes the installation of guns, missiles, torpedoes, and various defense systems, as well as the integration of sensors and communication systems that allow the ship to engage in combat effectively.

Arithmetic topology is an emerging field at the intersection of arithmetic geometry and topology. It brings together concepts from both disciplines to study the topological properties of spaces that arise in number theory and algebraic geometry, particularly focusing on the properties of various kinds of schemes and their associated topological spaces. A prominent theme in arithmetic topology is the study of the relationships between algebraic objects (like varieties) and their topological counterparts.

Prem Saran Satsangi is a spiritual leader and founder of the organization known as the "Satsang." He is known for promoting values of love, peace, and universal brotherhood through spiritual teachings. Satsang, in a general sense, refers to a gathering for spiritual discourse, reflection, and practice. Prem Saran Satsangi emphasizes practices such as meditation, self-inquiry, and living a life in line with higher spiritual principles.