A **conical combination** is a mathematical concept primarily used in linear algebra and geometry. It refers to a specific type of linear combination of points (or vectors) that satisfies certain constraints, particularly in relation to convexity.

Conscious automatism refers to a psychological phenomenon where individuals perform actions or produce thoughts without conscious awareness or intentional control, yet they remain aware of the process. It is often associated with surrealism and certain artistic and literary movements, where creators aim to tap into the subconscious mind to generate spontaneous and uninhibited expressions.

The "Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society" (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.) is a prestigious mathematical journal published by the American Mathematical Society (AMS). It serves as a venue for the publication of high-quality research articles in all areas of pure and applied mathematics. The journal is known for its rigorous peer review process and aims to disseminate significant mathematical findings and developments. The proceedings typically include original research papers that are often of broad interest to the mathematical community.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized public figure or significant entity known as "Alan Astbury." It's possible that this could refer to a private individual or a specific context that is not well-documented.

Bidimensionality is primarily a concept used in the field of computational complexity theory, specifically in the study of algorithm design and graph theory. It typically refers to a property of certain types of problems or structures that can be analyzed more effectively due to their two-dimensional characteristics. In a computational context, bidimensional problems often involve graphs or other structures that can be embedded or represented in two dimensions.

Bidirectional transformation refers to a computational paradigm that allows for data to be transformed in two directions seamlessly. It is particularly useful in scenarios where you need to maintain a consistent synchronization between two different representations of data or models. The key idea is that changes in one representation can propagate to the other and vice versa, ensuring that both representations remain consistent with each other.

The Bigoni–Piccolroaz yield criterion is a mathematical model used in the field of material science and plasticity theory to describe the yield behavior of materials under complex loading conditions, particularly with respect to tension and compression. Developed by researchers M. Bigoni and S. Piccolroaz, this criterion expands on traditional yield criteria, such as the von Mises and Tresca criteria.

Binary combinatory logic refers to a system of logic that uses binary values (typically 0 and 1) to represent logical propositions and operations. It primarily deals with the study and manipulation of boolean functions and can be seen as a subset of propositional logic specifically focused on binary values. In binary combinatory logic, operations such as AND, OR, and NOT are performed using binary digits, which can represent true (1) or false (0).

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, mathematics, and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. It plays a crucial role in managing and understanding the vast amounts of information generated by modern biological research, particularly in areas such as genomics, proteomics, and molecular biology.

Geochron is a company that specializes in the development and production of high-quality, detailed geological time scales and timekeeping systems. The most notable product they offer is a digital wall map known as the Geochron, which visually represents the current time across different time zones, along with significant geological and historical data. This map displays various features such as political boundaries, topography, and other geographical information.

The biological pump refers to a key process in the ocean's carbon cycle that helps regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and thus plays a critical role in mitigating climate change. It involves the transfer of carbon from the surface ocean to the deep ocean through biological processes. Here's how it works: 1. **Primary Production**: Phytoplankton, microscopic plants in the ocean, utilize sunlight and nutrients to photosynthesize, converting carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere into organic matter.

Biological thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations and the principles of thermodynamics as they apply to biological systems. It explores how living organisms convert energy from their environments into forms that can be used for work, growth, and maintenance of life processes, and it helps to understand the energetics of biochemical reactions, cellular processes, and physiological functions.

The Bird–Meertens formalism, also known as the Bird-Meertens algebra or the functional programming algebra, is a framework for defining and reasoning about algorithms in a high-level, mathematical way. It was developed primarily by two computer scientists, Richard Bird and Lambert Meertens. This formalism is particularly associated with functional programming and emphasizes the use of high-level abstractions to express algorithms in a way that is both concise and amenable to transformation.

The list of Chinese mathematicians includes prominent figures throughout history who have made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics. Here are some notable Chinese mathematicians: 1. **Zhang Heng (78–139)** - An astronomer, mathematician, and inventor known for his work on early mathematics and his invention of the seismoscope. 2. **Sunzi (Sun Tzu) (c.

The term "Black Book" in the context of gambling generally refers to a list maintained by casinos of individuals who are banned or excluded from gambling on their premises. These individuals may be banned for various reasons, including cheating, theft, or other behavior that violates the casino's policies. The Black Book serves as a tool for casinos to protect their interests and maintain a safe and fair gambling environment.