Keith Frankish is a contemporary philosopher known for his work in the philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. He has contributed to discussions on the nature of consciousness, the mind-body problem, and the implications of cognitive science for our understanding of human thought and behavior.

Krista Lawlor does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure or concept as of my last update in October 2023. It is possible that she could be a private individual, a budding professional, or a name that has recently gained relevance.

Leo Tolstoy was a renowned Russian author, best known for his epic novels "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina." Born on September 9, 1828, in Tula Province, Russia, Tolstoy is considered one of the greatest writers in world literature. His works explore themes of morality, faith, and the human condition, often blending philosophical insights with rich narrative and character development.

Marianne Janack is a philosopher known for her work in areas such as epistemology, philosophy of language, and feminist philosophy. She has contributed to discussions on topics like social epistemology, the nature of knowledge, and the intersection of language and identity.

Paul Ricœur (1913–2005) was a prominent French philosopher best known for his work in hermeneutics, phenomenology, and existentialism. His contributions spanned a wide range of topics, including language, narrative, ethics, and the nature of interpretation. Ricœur's philosophical approach often focused on the relationship between text and meaning, exploring how narratives shape human experience and understanding.

Michel de Certeau (1925–1986) was a French Jesuit priest, historian, and social theorist known for his work in cultural studies, particularly in the fields of everyday life, urban studies, and the practices of individuals within social structures. He is best recognized for his influential book, "The Practice of Everyday Life" ("L'invention du quotidien"), published in 1980, where he explores how ordinary people navigate and make sense of the complexities of modern life.

Olaf Stapledon (1886–1950) was a British author and philosopher, best known for his influential works in science fiction. His novels often explored profound philosophical themes, including the nature of consciousness, the future of humanity, and the universe's potential.

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865) was a French politician, philosopher, economist, and socialist, best known for his ideas on anarchism and mutualism. He is often considered one of the first anarchist theorists and is famous for his declaration that "property is theft," which critiques the capitalist system and the idea of private property. Proudhon argued that property rights led to exploitation and inequality, advocating instead for a system of mutual ownership and cooperation.

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet who is best known for his role in the Transcendentalist movement. He emphasized individualism, self-reliance, and the importance of nature. His works often explore themes of spirituality, personal growth, and the relationship between humanity and the natural world.

Tom Polger is a philosopher who specializes in the philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and the philosophy of science. He is known for his work on topics such as consciousness, the nature of mental states, and the relationship between mind and body. Polger has also contributed to discussions on scientific explanations of mental phenomena and has engaged with issues related to physicalism and the nature of properties.

Slavoj Žižek is a Slovenian philosopher and cultural critic known for his work in a variety of fields including psychoanalysis, political theory, and cultural studies. Born on March 21, 1949, he is associated with Lacanian psychoanalysis and Marxist thought, and he often applies these frameworks to analyze contemporary culture, politics, and ideology. Žižek is noted for his provocative style, engaging in critiques of capitalism, popular culture, and various ideological positions.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there is no widely known individual or concept specifically named "Stephan Witasek." It's possible that this name could refer to a private individual or a lesser-known figure.

Stephen Stich is an American philosopher known for his work in the fields of philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and epistemology. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to understanding reasoning, belief formation, and the nature of human cognition. Stich has critically engaged with topics such as the implications of cognitive psychology for traditional philosophical views on rationality and judgment.

Susanne Langer (1895–1985) was an American philosopher, best known for her work in aesthetics, philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language. She was a significant figure in the field of philosophy and was associated with the development of the concept of symbolism and its relationship to human experience, art, and emotion.

Tristan Garcia could refer to several individuals, as it is a name that may belong to various people. One notable Tristan Garcia is a French philosopher, novelist, and essayist known for his works exploring themes such as identity, perception, and social dynamics. He has published several books and is recognized for his contributions to contemporary philosophy and literature.

Eli Eduardo de Gortari was a prominent Mexican artist recognized for his contributions to contemporary art, particularly in the fields of painting and sculpture. His work often combines elements of Mexican culture and history with modern techniques, resulting in unique and thought-provoking pieces.

Evandro Agazzi is an Italian philosopher and logician, known for his contributions to the philosophy of science, epistemology, and the study of logic. He has written extensively on topics such as the foundations of mathematics, the philosophy of language, and the relationship between logic and scientific reasoning. Agazzi's work often emphasizes the importance of rigorous logical analysis and the philosophical implications of scientific theories.

Wilhelm Esser may refer to various individuals, but one notable figure is a German philosopher known for his work in the field of anthropology and philosophy of language. He made contributions to existential and phenomenological thought, engaging deeply with the works of philosophers like Martin Heidegger and Edmund Husserl.

William Wallace (circa 1665–1724) was a Scottish philosopher and mathematician, known for his contributions to the fields of philosophy, particularly in the areas of logic and natural philosophy. He is often remembered for his work on the philosophy of mathematics and his opposition to the Cartesian view of space and time. Wallace was also a proponent of a more empirical approach to scientific inquiry, advocating for observations rather than solely relying on theoretical constructs.

Critical rationalism is a philosophical approach primarily associated with the work of Austrian philosopher Karl Popper. It emphasizes the idea that knowledge progresses through conjectures and refutations rather than through confirmation or verification. Here are some key aspects of critical rationalism: 1. **Conjectures and Refutations**: According to Popper, scientific theories can never be conclusively proven; they can only be broadly accepted until they are potentially falsified.