As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there does not appear to be any widely recognized figure, event, or term known as "Marie Torhorst." It's possible that it could refer to a lesser-known individual, a fictional character, or a newly emerged concept or event after my last update.

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. It operates by emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the ground and measuring the reflected signals that bounce back from subsurface structures or layers. GPR is widely used in various fields, including: 1. **Archaeology**: To detect and map artifacts, structures, and other archaeological features without excavation.

Total internal reflection is a phenomenon that occurs when a wave (such as light) traveling through a medium hits the boundary of a second medium at an angle greater than a critical angle, causing the wave to be completely reflected back into the first medium rather than refracting into the second medium. This phenomenon is most commonly observed when light travels from a denser medium (like water or glass) to a less dense medium (like air).

The Boulder Geomagnetic Observatory is a key research facility operated by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) located in Boulder, Colorado. It plays a significant role in studying the Earth's magnetic field and providing data for various scientific applications, including geomagnetism, space weather, and geophysical research.

Weston Observatory is an astronomical research facility associated with Boston College, located in Weston, Massachusetts. It is primarily used for educational and research purposes, catering to both undergraduate and graduate students in the field of astronomy and physics. The observatory houses several telescopes and equipment for observing astronomical phenomena, and it also serves as a site for public outreach activities, including lectures and star-gazing events.

The Chapman Medal is an award given by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) in the United Kingdom. It is named after the astronomer and mathematician, John Chapman, and is presented for distinguished contributions to the field of astronomy and geophysics. The medal is typically awarded to recognize significant achievements in research and development in these scientific disciplines.

The British Geophysical Association (BGA) is a professional association in the United Kingdom that focuses on the promotion and advancement of geophysical research and education. It serves as a platform for geophysicists and related professionals to connect, share knowledge, and collaborate on various aspects of geophysical science. The BGA organizes conferences, workshops, and seminars, providing opportunities for members to present their research, exchange ideas, and stay updated on the latest developments in the field.

Fan Li is a renowned statistician known for his contributions to various fields within statistics, particularly in areas such as statistical theory and methodology. He has published extensively on topics like statistical learning, theoretical statistics, and high-dimensional data analysis. His work often focuses on developing new statistical methods and exploring the theoretical foundations of existing techniques. Li has also been involved in various academic roles, contributing to the education and mentorship of students in statistics and data science.

Garnet Anderson may refer to different entities or individuals, but it is most notably associated with a well-known figure in the field of public health and epidemiology. Garnet Anderson is a researcher whose work has focused on women's health, cancer epidemiology, and the effects of lifestyle factors on health outcomes. She has contributed to various studies and publications in these areas.

Hal V. Barron is a prominent figure in the field of healthcare and pharmaceuticals, known for his leadership roles in various companies and organizations. He has served in executive positions, including as the Chief Executive Officer of GSK (GlaxoSmithKline) R&D and held prominent roles at Stanford University School of Medicine and the Stanford Cancer Institute. Barron has made significant contributions to cancer research and the development of new therapies.

Halbert L. Dunn was an American physician and public health advocate known for his contributions to the field of health and well-being. He is often associated with the concept of "high-level wellness," which he defined as a dynamic state of health that goes beyond the absence of disease. Dunn's work emphasized the importance of not just treating illness, but promoting an overall state of wellness that encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being.

Marvin Zelen was a prominent American biostatistician known for his contributions to the field of statistics, particularly in cancer research and clinical trials. He was born on March 14, 1927, and passed away on September 8, 2023. Zelen was notably involved in the development and implementation of statistical methodologies that improved the design and analysis of clinical studies.

James H. Ware could refer to several individuals, but one prominent figure with that name is an American mathematician known for his work in various fields, including algebra and mathematical education. He might also be involved in research related to mathematical statistics or computational mathematics.

Lowell Reed could refer to a few different subjects, depending on context, but one prominent figure is Lowell Reed (1902-1986), an American mathematician known for his work in probability theory and statistics. He made significant contributions to mathematical biology and the analysis of biological populations.

Robert R. Sokal (1924-2019) was an influential American biostatistician and ecologist, recognized for his contributions to the fields of statistics, biology, and ecology. He is best known for his work in developing methods for statistical analysis in ecological research, particularly the development of the Sokal and Rohlf statistical software, which is widely used in biological research.

Robert Strawderman is a statistician known for his contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics. His research often focuses on statistical methodology, Bayesian statistics, and the application of statistical techniques in various areas. He has published numerous papers in academic journals and has been involved in teaching and mentoring students in statistics.

Nilanjan Chatterjee is a name that could refer to various individuals, depending on the context. However, one prominent figure associated with this name is a statistician and researcher known for his work in statistical methods and applications, particularly in areas such as biostatistics, epidemiology, and data analysis. He may also engage in research related to public health and clinical studies.

Oscar Kempthorne is an American statistician renowned for his contributions to the fields of statistical design and analysis, particularly in the context of agricultural research and experimental design. He is best known for developing the "Kempthorne design," which is used in the analysis of variance and in the design of experiments. His work has significantly influenced the application of statistics in agricultural sciences and beyond.