The 2000s, often referred to as the "early 21st century," was a significant decade in computing characterized by rapid advancements and shifts in technology. Here are some key trends and developments from that era: 1. **Internet Expansion**: The 2000s saw the internet become more mainstream. Broadband internet access became widely available, leading to an increase in online activities, including social networking, e-commerce, and streaming media. 2. **Web 2.

Computer-related introductions in the 21st century encompass a wide array of technologies, trends, and innovations that have transformed how individuals and organizations interact with computers and digital environments. Here are some key aspects: 1. **Personal Computing Evolution**: The 21st century saw significant advancements in personal computing, with the rise of laptops, tablets, and smartphones becoming ubiquitous. Touchscreen interfaces and portable devices have changed how people access and interact with information.

Ancient Greek epistemology refers to the study of knowledge and belief in ancient Greek philosophy, primarily focused on the questions of what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and the limits of human understanding. It was a significant aspect of philosophical inquiry during the classical period, particularly in the works of philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

The term "assertoric" is primarily used in philosophical discourse, particularly in the context of logic and epistemology. It refers to a type of proposition or statement that asserts something as being the case, without qualification. In other words, assertoric statements are straightforward declarations or claims that carry a truth value, meaning they can be classified as true or false. In contrast, there are other kinds of statements, such as: 1. **Interrogative**: Questions that seek information.

The School of Names, or **Names' School**, refers to a philosophical and intellectual movement in ancient China that was primarily active during the Warring States period (approximately 475–221 BCE). This school is associated with the study of language, logic, and the relationship between names (or words) and the realities they represent. The central idea of the School of Names is often linked to the philosophical debates about how language corresponds to reality and the implications of this relationship for understanding the world.

NP-complete problems are a class of problems in computational complexity theory. To understand NP-complete problems, we need to break down the concepts of "problem classes" and the related terminology. 1. **P (Polynomial time)**: This class contains decision problems (problems with a yes/no answer) for which a solution can be found in polynomial time.

NP-hard problems are a class of problems in computational complexity theory that are at least as hard as the hardest problems in NP (nondeterministic polynomial time). The key properties of NP-hard problems include: 1. **Definition**: A problem is considered NP-hard if every problem in NP can be reduced to it in polynomial time. This means that if you could solve an NP-hard problem quickly (in polynomial time), you could also solve all NP problems quickly.

Babylonian mathematics refers to the mathematical system developed and utilized by the ancient civilization of Babylon, primarily during the period from approximately 2000 BCE to 300 BCE. This system is notable for several key characteristics: 1. **Base-60 Number System**: Babylonian mathematics primarily employed a sexagesimal (base-60) numeral system, which means that it was based on the number 60 rather than the decimal (base-10) system used in most modern mathematics.

In mathematics, particularly in the area of group theory, the term "magic circle" may refer to a specific concept or structure used in the study of groups, particularly in the context of group actions and geometry. However, it's not a widely recognized term like "magic square." One common usage of the term might be in relation to **magic squares** where numbers are arranged in a square grid such that the sums of each row, column, and sometimes diagonals equal the same constant.

In mathematics, "1970s" does not refer to a specific mathematical concept or term. However, it can refer to the decade itself and the developments and contributions in mathematics during that period. The 1970s were notable for several advancements in various fields of mathematics, including: 1. **Computer Science and Algorithms**: The development of algorithms and theories surrounding computational complexity, including the introduction of concepts like NP-completeness by Stephen Cook.

Alvin Plantinga is an influential American philosopher known for his work in philosophy of religion, epistemology, and metaphysics. Born on July 15, 1932, he has been a prominent figure in contemporary philosophical discussions, particularly concerning the rationality of religious belief and the existence of God.

Arthur Pap is not a widely recognized or established term, concept, or figure in popular culture, science, or other fields as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It's possible that it could refer to a specific individual, a fictional character, or a niche topic that has emerged more recently.

Berit Brogaard is a philosopher known for her work in areas such as philosophy of mind, epistemology, and cognitive science. She has made contributions to discussions on topics like perception, embodiment, and the nature of concepts. Brogaard has also explored issues related to the relationship between language and thought, as well as the implications of cognitive science for philosophical theories. Additionally, she has written about the philosophical implications of mental disorders and has been involved in research related to consciousness.