A single layer of graphite.

IEEE 754 is a standard for floating-point arithmetic that is widely used in computer systems and programming languages. Established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), it defines formats for representing floating-point numbers and provides guidelines for performing arithmetic operations on these numbers in a consistent and reliable manner across different computing environments.

A leading-one detector is a digital circuit or algorithm used in various applications, primarily in digital signal processing and computer architecture, to identify the position of the first '1' bit in a given binary number or bit stream. This detection is useful in applications like arithmetic operations, encoding/decoding schemes, and data compression.

This is really good.

It allows the client to prepare a single request that gets all the data it wants to fill up a given webpage, rather than doing several separate requests.

So it only gets exactly what it needs, and in a single request.

Very sweet. This is the future of the web.

In computing, a "mask" generally refers to a bitmask or a mask used in various contexts to manipulate data at the binary level. Here are some common uses of masks in computing: 1. **Bitmasking**: This involves using bitwise operations to manipulate individual bits within a binary number. A mask can help isolate, modify, or clear specific bits in a binary value.

Octal is a base-8 numeral system that uses eight distinct symbols to represent values: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. In the octal system, each digit's place value is a power of 8, much like the decimal system (base-10) uses powers of 10, and the binary system (base-2) uses powers of 2.

In 2020 physics, best explained by general relativity.

TODO: does old Newtonian gravity give different force results than general relativity?

Predecessor to the synchrotron.

Offset binary, also known as "biased binary" or "excess-N" representation, is a binary number encoding system that is primarily used to represent signed integers in a way that makes certain arithmetic operations simpler, particularly in digital electronics. In offset binary, a bias value is added to the actual value being represented to compute its binary equivalent. For example, in an n-bit offset binary system, the bias is typically \( 2^{(n - 1)} \).

The term "power of two" refers to numbers that can be expressed in the form \(2^n\), where \(n\) is an integer. In other words, a power of two is a value obtained by multiplying the number two by itself \(n\) times.

The type of feeling of confusion and distrut for your sense that some Koans attempt to instill.

Ciro Santilli's preferred version of it is physics and the illusion of life.

Some notable references:

Unfortunately, physicists and mathematicians keep using Greek letters in their formulas, so we just have to learn them.

A helpful way to remember is to learn a bit of their history/pronunciation: Section "Historical correspondence between Latin and Greek".

To learn the greek letters if you have a base latin alphabet, you must learn the sound of each letter, and which Latin letters they correspond to.

Symbols that look like Greek letters but are not Greek letters:

Is Ciro Santilli crazy (he is, but for this point specifically), or do many/most Greek letters represent the mouth position used in the pronunciation of the letter?

Single-precision floating-point format is a way to represent real numbers in binary using 32 bits (4 bytes). It is widely used in computing, especially in applications where a balance between performance and precision is necessary. The IEEE 754 standard defines how single-precision floating-point numbers are stored and interpreted. The 32 bits are divided into three main components: 1. **Sign Bit (1 bit)**: This bit indicates the sign of the number.

This is a weak point of grep, it can't handle large lines that don't fit fully into memory:

A discrete 2D game on a rectangular grid: towardsdatascience.com/reinforcement-learning-implement-grid-world-from-scratch-c5963765ebff

This is analogous to many traditional board games such as chess, the concept is very natural and maps well into computer.

The downsides of gridworld games are: