To remove and install Shimano and ISIS Drive splined 20-tooth bottom bracket cups.

Bought: 2020-11-07. Also getting a park Tool PAW-12 adjustable wrench to use with it.

Funding:

Funding:

This section discusses the pre-photon understanding of the polarization of light. For the photon one see: photon polarization.

polarization.com/history/history.html is a good page.

People were a bit confused when experiments started to show that light might be polarized. How could a wave that propages through a 3D homgenous material like luminiferous aether have polarization?? Light would presumably be understood to be analogous to a sound wave in 3D medium, which cannot have polarization. This was before Maxwell's equations, in the early 19th century, so there was no way to know.

A device that modifies photon polarization.

As mentioned at Video "Quantum Mechanics 9b - Photon Spin and Schrodinger's Cat II by ViaScience (2013)", it can be modelled as a bra.

An optical multiplexer!

Initially there were mathematical reasons why people suspected that all boson needed to have 0 mass as is the case for photons a gluons, see Goldstone's theorem.

However, experiments showed that the W boson and the Z boson both has large non-zero masses.

So people started theorizing some hack that would fix up the equations, and they came up with the higgs mechanism.

Hypothesized as the explanation for continuous electron energy spectrum in beta decay in 1930 by .

First observed directly by the Cowan-Reines neutrino experiment.

"Barys" means "heavy" in Greek, because protons and neutrons was what made most of the mass of known ordinary matter, as opposed notably to electrons.

Baryons can be contrasted with:

composite particle made up of an even number of elementary particles, most commonly one particle and one anti-particle.

This can be contrasted with mesons, which have an odd number of elementary particles, as mentioned at baryon vs meson vs lepton.

Conceptually the simplest mesons. All of them have neutral color charge:

Quantum mechanics is quite a broad term. Perhaps it is best to start approaching it from the division into:

Key experiments that could not work without quantum mechanics: Section "Quantum mechanics experiment".

Mathematics: there are a few models of increasing precision which could all be called "quantum mechanics":

Ciro Santilli feels that the largest technological revolutions since the 1950's have been quantum related, and will continue to be for a while, from deeper understanding of chemistry and materials to quantum computing, understanding and controlling quantum systems is where the most interesting frontier of technology lies.

Atoms exist and last for a long time, while in classical electromagnetic theory punctual orbiting electrons should emit radiation quickly and fall into the nucleus: physics.stackexchange.com/questions/20003/why-dont-electrons-crash-into-the-nuclei-they-orbit

In other sections:

Bibliography:

A single line in the emission spectrum.

So precise, so discrete, which makes no sense in classical mechanics!

Has been the leading motivation of the development of quantum mechanics, all the way from the:

Kind of a synonym for hydrogen emission spectrum not very clear if fine structure is considered by this term or not.

A line set for hydrogen spectral line.

Formula discovered in 1885, was it the first set to have an empirical formula?