iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bmb.2002.494030030067 Surprises and revelations in biochemistry: 1950-2000 by Perry A. Frey (2006). This should be worth a read.

An electrostatic septum is a device used in particle accelerators and other physics experiments to separate charged particles based on their electric charge. It typically consists of two plates that generate an electric field between them. When charged particles pass through this electric field, they experience a force that can deflect them in a direction determined by their charge (positive or negative) and the orientation of the electric field. The primary role of an electrostatic septum is to allow for the selective steering of particle beams.

An energy amplifier is a device or system designed to increase or amplify energy output in some manner. Unlike traditional amplifiers, which typically operate on signals (like audio or radio waves), energy amplifiers may involve mechanisms that enhance energy transfer or conversion processes.

Intrabeam scattering is a phenomenon that occurs in particle accelerators, particularly in circular colliders where charged particles (such as electrons or protons) are accelerated and subsequently collide with one another. This type of scattering takes place when the particles interact with the electromagnetic fields created by their own beam and the surrounding environment, leading to a change in their trajectories and momenta.

An ion source is a device or system used to generate ions, which are atoms or molecules that have lost or gained one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge. Ion sources are crucial components in a variety of applications, including mass spectrometry, particle accelerators, and nuclear fusion research, among others.

Database of promoter.

E.g. for E. Coli K-12 MG1655: biocyc.org/group?id=:ALL-PROMOTERS&orgid=ECOLI For some context see e. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrL + e. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrA + thrB + thrC all of which are in the same transcription unit.

Ionization cooling is a technique used primarily in particle physics and accelerator technologies to reduce the transverse emittance of a beam of charged particles, such as protons or electrons. The fundamental goal of ionization cooling is to make particle beams more intense and focused by reducing their divergence and improving their overall beam quality. The concept involves two main processes: 1. **Ionization Energy Loss**: As charged particles pass through a material, they lose energy due to ionization of the atoms in that material.

Group representation is a concept from the field of abstract algebra and representation theory, which studies how groups can be represented by matrices and how their elements can act on vector spaces. Essentially, a group representation provides a way to express abstract group elements as linear transformations (or matrices) acting on a vector space. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Group**: A set equipped with an operation that satisfies four properties: closure, associativity, the existence of an identity element, and the existence of inverses.

The Hanna Neumann Conjecture is a hypothesis in the field of group theory, specifically concerning the relationship between the rank of a group and the ranks of its subgroups.

Louvain-la-Neuve Cyclotron is a particle accelerator located in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. It is primarily used for research in nuclear and particle physics, as well as for applications in medical physics, particularly in the production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine. The cyclotron accelerates charged particles, typically protons or deuterons, to high energies and allows scientists to conduct experiments involving nuclear reactions and the study of fundamental particles.

In the context of scattering theory in quantum mechanics, "luminosity" usually refers to a measure of the number of potential scattering events per unit area per unit time. It is often used in high-energy particle physics and collisions in accelerator experiments. To elaborate: 1. **Definition**: Luminosity (L) is defined in terms of the number density of particles (n) in the colliding beams and the relative velocity (v) of the colliding particles.

Mean transverse energy, often denoted as \( \langle E_T \rangle \), is a concept frequently used in high-energy physics, particularly in the analysis of particle collisions and events in collider experiments like those conducted at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

A multipole magnet is a type of magnet that has multiple poles, which can include not just the standard north and south poles, but also higher-order poles (like quadrupoles, octupoles, etc.) that create more complex magnetic field configurations. These magnets are used in various applications, particularly in the fields of accelerator physics and magnetic confinement in fusion reactors.

Perveance is a term primarily used in the context of electron beam physics and plasma physics, particularly in applications like particle accelerators and vacuum tubes. It is defined as the ratio of the beam current to the cube of the beam voltage.

Plasma acceleration refers to a technique in particle acceleration that utilizes plasma, a state of matter consisting of charged particles (ions and electrons), to achieve high-energy particle beams. Traditional particle accelerators, like synchrotrons and linear accelerators (linacs), use electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged particles, typically taking a long distance to achieve significant energies. In contrast, plasma acceleration is based on the unique properties of plasma. One of the most common methods is called plasma wakefield acceleration.

First let's discuss the argument against abortion. Most people would save the life of an infant over that of an animal, even if the animal is more intelligent. The only unbiased reason to do this is that given nutrients, the baby will develop into a more intelligent lifeform in the future. Thus wanting to save a "clump of cells" isn't as irrational as it may seem.

But our hypothetical above assumes that both the baby and the animal want to live. By not killing themselves, all conscious creatures have implicitly expressed their desire to continue living, and most people agree that that is to be respected, at least for humans. Which is why killing a person painlessly while they're unconscious is still considered wrong. But this desire does not apply to fetuses before the third trimester, which have never been conscious. This is the moral argument for abortion. There is also the obvious utilitarian argument for it.

Today, shipping costs are so low (eg., $0.50 per kg for US-China shipments) that for most goods, the market is global.

But what if the main water supply in a region is owned by a single entity, and they charge exorbitant prices? Unlike food, bringing in water from faraway regions would be too expensive. Of course, people moving out would result in the entity going out of business and selling the water supply to someone more rational, but due to various reasons, moving out isn't always easy.

Here's the true solution. Currently, the water supply in most countries is owned by the government. Upon transition to libertarianism, the water supply in each region would simply be an entity with ownership distributed among the residents. If some of them sell their shares of the water supply to a company that then jacks up the prices, they'll have to move out, but that is simply them facing the consequences of risking putting their water supply in another's hands.

What if the water supply was sold by the government to a private entity currently subject to regulations? Would a libertarian transition remove those regulations? Note that this situation is caused by having to transition from big government to libertarianism. If a libertarian society arose naturally, rights to natural resources would be distributed among the community via the principle of homesteading. And as before, anyone selling their rights must be moving or have another source ready, othewise accept the potential consequences.

To fix the issues caused by a non-libertarian government, non-libertarian measured may be needed. The government had no right to the water, nor to sell it to the private entity. It may need to be taken back.

As of 2020, Ciro Santilli is getting excited about quantum computing, which is a deep tech field.

He's a bit lazy to explain why here, but Googling will be more than enough.

There is a risk it will fizzle and the bubble pop, like any revolution.

But recent developments are making it too exciting to ignore.