Welding defects are imperfections or discontinuities in a welded joint that can adversely affect the strength, integrity, and overall quality of the weld. These defects can arise from various factors such as improper welding techniques, material properties, environmental conditions, and equipment malfunctions. Welding defects can compromise the performance of a welded structure and may lead to failures under service conditions.

"Welsh women physicists" refers to female physicists from Wales or those who have ties to Wales in their work or education. These women have made significant contributions to the field of physics across various sub-disciplines, including theoretical physics, applied physics, astrophysics, and more. Some notable Welsh women physicists include: 1. **Marie Curie** - Though not Welsh, she has a strong historical connection due to her research and influence on education and research in Wales.

Alban Hill, often referred to simply as "Alban," is the highest point in the county of Hertfordshire, England. It is located near the town of St. Albans and is historically significant as it is the site of Verulamium, an ancient Roman city. The hill is a prominent landmark in the area, offering views of the surrounding countryside and is also associated with local history and heritage. Alban Hill is named after St.

Douglas Brewer does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure or term, as there is limited information available about him. It's possible that he could be a private individual, a professional in a specific field, or a character in a work of fiction.

Joan Curran (1926–2023) was a notable British scientist, particularly recognized for her contributions to the field of radio physics and electronics. She made significant advancements in radar technology during her career, especially related to radar design and its applications during World War II. Curran worked on various projects that helped improve the effectiveness of radar systems. In addition to her technical achievements, she was an advocate for women in science and played a role in encouraging female participation in STEM fields.

Mathew Owens is not a widely recognized public figure, and without more context, it's challenging to provide specific information about him. There may be individuals with that name in various fields, but none are notably prominent in popular culture, politics, science, or other significant areas as of my last training cut-off in October 2023.

Saltstraumen is a strait located in Norway, near the town of Bodø in the Salten region. It is known for having one of the strongest tidal currents in the world, where the water flows through a narrow channel and creates powerful whirlpools and eddies. The tidal current can reach speeds of up to 20 knots (about 37 km/h or 23 mph) during peak flow, primarily caused by the difference in water levels between the adjacent fjords.

Michael E. Brown is an American astronomer known for his significant contributions to the field of planetary science. He is particularly recognized for his discovery of several trans-Neptunian objects, including Eris, which is one of the largest known dwarf planets in the Solar System and was instrumental in the debate over the definition of a planet. Brown has also played a key role in the discovery of other notable celestial bodies, such as Sedna and Haumea.

Christine Kirch is a notable figure in the field of astronomy, particularly known for her work in the study of stellar atmospheres and planetary systems. She has contributed to research on planetary transits and the characterization of exoplanets using data from missions like Kepler. Kirch has also been involved in educating and mentoring students in the sciences.

Elizabeth Brown is an American astronomer known for her work in the field of astronomy, particularly in relation to asteroids and planetary science. She has been involved in research that includes tracking and studying the orbits of asteroids and other celestial bodies. Additionally, she has contributed to public outreach and education regarding astronomy. However, there may be multiple individuals named Elizabeth Brown in the field, as it is a common name.

Elizabeth Johnson was an English pamphleteer active during the 17th century, particularly known for her political and social writings during the tumultuous period of the English Civil War. She participated in the pamphlet wars of her time, which were a significant form of political discourse, allowing authors to express their views on issues such as governance, religion, and women's rights.

Alice Everett does not refer to a widely recognized concept, person, or entity as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It is possible that she could be a private individual or a character in a work of fiction.

As of my last update in October 2023, there isn't a widely recognized figure or concept specifically known as "Ann E. Wehrle." It's possible that she could be a private individual, professional, or academic not widely known in public discourse, or a person who has gained prominence after that date.

Antoinette de Vaucouleurs refers to a prominent figure in the field of astronomy, particularly known for her contributions to the study of galaxies and cosmology alongside her husband, Georges de Vaucouleurs. Antoinette, often involved in collaborative research, extended her influence within the astronomical community, both through her work and by supporting her husband's career.

Barbara M. Middlehurst is not a widely recognized figure or concept in popular culture or academia as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It’s possible that she could be a less prominent individual in a specific field, or perhaps a fictional character or name that has surfaced more recently.

As of my last update in October 2023, Bella A. Burnasheva does not appear to be a widely recognized public figure or topic in popular media, academia, or literature. It's possible that she could be an emerging individual in a specific field or context, or simply someone who has not gained significant public attention.

Carole Mundell is a notable astrophysicist known for her research in the field of gravitational waves and cosmology. As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, she was a professor and held significant roles at various academic institutions, contributing to our understanding of cosmic events such as black hole mergers and the properties of the universe.

Caroline Herschel was a significant figure in the history of astronomy, born on March 16, 1750, in Hanover, Germany. She was the sister of the famous astronomer William Herschel, and she became known for her own contributions to the field. Caroline was an accomplished astronomer in her own right, and she is recognized as one of the first female astronomers.

Cecilia Ceccarelli is not a widely recognized public figure or concept as of my last update. It's possible she could be a private individual or someone emerging in a specific field not covered in mainstream sources. If you have specific context or details about her, I could help you better.

Margaretha Kirch was a notable figure in the history of astronomy, particularly in relation to the early study of comets. She was born in 1670 in Germany and lived during the 17th and early 18th centuries. Margaretha is often recognized for her contributions to observational astronomy, particularly through her work alongside her husband, Gottfried Kirch, who was a well-known astronomer of the time.