Robert D. Richtmyer (1891-1986) was an American physicist and mathematician known primarily for his work in the fields of applied mathematics and computational physics. He made significant contributions to shock wave theory and numerical methods, particularly in relation to fluid dynamics and gas dynamics. One of his notable achievements was co-authoring the classic textbook "Methods of Applied Mathematics," which has been influential in teaching differential equations and applied mathematics techniques.

Rudolf Diesel was a German engineer and inventor best known for developing the diesel engine, which transformed the way people used mechanical power. He was born on March 18, 1858, in Paris, France, and died under mysterious circumstances on September 29, 1913. Diesel envisioned an engine that could use fuel more efficiently than the steam engines and gasoline engines of his time.

Theodore von Kármán was a Hungarian-born aerospace engineer, physicist, and mathematician known for his significant contributions to aerodynamics, fluid mechanics, and applied mathematics. He was born on May 11, 1881, in Budapest, Hungary, and he later immigrated to the United States, where he became a prominent figure in the fields of aerospace engineering and science.

Wei Shyy is an academic and engineer recognized for his contributions to the fields of mechanical engineering and aerospace engineering. He has served in various leadership roles in academia, including as a professor and department chair at various universities. His research interests typically encompass fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, and computational modeling.

Viktor Trkal appears to be a less widely known individual or term, as there is limited information available about it in common databases or literature. It's possible that he is a figure in a specialized field, an emerging public figure, or someone associated with a specific context that hasn't gained widespread recognition.

Vincenc Strouhal (1850–1922) was a Czech physicist best known for his work in fluid dynamics and acoustics. He is notably associated with the Strouhal number, a dimensionless number that describes oscillating flow mechanisms, particularly in relation to the frequency of vortex shedding from a body in a fluid flow.

Warren K. Lewis was a notable American chemical engineer and educator primarily recognized for his contributions to the field of chemical engineering. He is particularly known for his role in the development of chemical engineering as a distinct academic discipline in the United States. Lewis served as a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and was instrumental in shaping engineering education. One of his significant contributions is the "Lewis and Whitman" equation, which is used to describe the behavior of gas mixtures in chemical processes.

A Cheng rotation vane is a type of mechanical device used in various applications, including fluid dynamics and aerodynamics, to control or measure flow. It consists of a rotating vane or blade that can pivot or rotate in response to changes in flow conditions. This device is typically used to improve the efficiency of systems that involve the movement of air or liquid by optimizing the direction and velocity of the flow.

Custody transfer refers to the process of transferring ownership or responsibility for a product, typically in the context of commodities like oil, gas, water, and other materials. This transfer usually occurs at specific metering points where the quantity and quality of the product are measured to ensure proper transaction and accountability. The process is critical in industries where precise measurement of goods is vital for financial transactions, regulatory compliance, and contractual obligations.

Discrete-phase flow refers to the movement and behavior of particles or discrete entities within a fluid medium. This concept is important in various fields, including engineering, chemistry, and environmental science, and it often involves the study of how solid particles interact with a fluid (liquid or gas) when both are present in a flow system.

The free surface effect refers to the behavior of fluid in motion and how it interacts with its boundaries, particularly when a fluid is contained within a vessel or a structure. This effect is most commonly observed in various engineering applications involving tanks, ships, and other containers where fluids are present.

In physics, a "bubble" typically refers to a gas pocket that is enclosed by a liquid or a solid. Bubbles can occur in a variety of contexts and settings, from everyday soap bubbles to phenomena observed in physical chemistry, fluid dynamics, and astrophysics.

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is a computational fluid dynamics technique used to simulate turbulent fluid flows. It is particularly effective for resolving the large-scale motions of turbulence while modeling the smaller-scale motions. ### Key Components of LES: 1. **Spatial Filtering**: In LES, the governing equations of fluid dynamics (like the Navier-Stokes equations) are filtered to separate the large eddies (large-scale turbulent structures) from the small eddies (small-scale turbulent structures).

In fluid mechanics and related fields, the term "free surface" refers to the boundary between a fluid (such as water or air) and another medium (such as air or a solid container) where the fluid is subjected to atmospheric pressure or pressure from the surrounding medium. This free surface is not constrained by any solid walls or surfaces and can move or deform freely.

The Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) is a numerical technique used to study fluid-structure interactions, particularly in scenarios where flexible boundaries or immersed structures interact with a flowing fluid. This method was first introduced by Charles S. Peskin in the 1970s and has since become a powerful tool in computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Particle-laden flow refers to the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) that contains suspended particles. These particles can vary widely in size, shape, and composition and can include anything from grains of sand to droplets of liquid or even biological cells. The study of particle-laden flows is important in various fields, including engineering, environmental science, and biology, as it has applications in processes like sediment transport, aerosol dispersion, chemical reactions, and even blood flow in biomedical contexts.

Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry (MRV) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure the velocity of fluid flow. It utilizes the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize and quantify flow in various applications, including biomedical settings, engineering, and fluid dynamics research.

"Inhaler" is a song by the British rock band Foals, released as part of their 2019 album "Everything Not Saved Will Be Lost – Part 2." The track features the band's signature sound, which includes a blend of rock, dance-punk, and mathematics-influenced rhythms. Lyrically, the song addresses themes of anxiety, pressure, and the search for freedom in a chaotic world.

Expanded polyethylene (EPE) is a type of closed-cell foam made from polyethylene, a common thermoplastic polymer. It is produced by expanding polyethylene beads or resin through a process that involves heating and adding a blowing agent. This results in a lightweight, durable foam material that exhibits several beneficial properties, making it suitable for various applications.

Slosh dynamics refers to the study of fluid motion within a container, particularly when the container itself is subject to changes in position or orientation. This phenomenon is particularly relevant in various engineering fields, such as aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering, where liquids in tanks or other vessels can shift due to acceleration, deceleration, or external forces.