Ortholog by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
A gene that was inherited from the same ancestor in two different species, and which has maintained the same function in both species.
"The Last Continent" is a fantasy novel written by British author Terry Pratchett, published in 1998. It is part of his Discworld series and is the 22nd book in the series. The story follows Rincewind, a inept and cowardly wizard, as he finds himself on a continent that appears to be a parody of Australia, featuring various elements of Australian culture and wildlife.
Semiconductor Science and Technology is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses the study and application of semiconductors, materials that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors (like metals) and insulators (like glass). This field integrates principles from physics, materials science, electrical engineering, and chemistry to explore the properties and applications of semiconductor materials and devices.
Otto Octavius, also known as Doctor Octopus or Doc Ock, is a fictional supervillain appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics, primarily as an adversary of Spider-Man. The character was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, making his first appearance in "The Amazing Spider-Man" #3 in 1963.
A single domain in magnetic materials refers to a magnetic region that is uniformly magnetized in a single direction. In these materials, the magnetic moments of atoms are aligned in one direction, and this alignment is maintained throughout the entire domain, as opposed to having varying orientations as seen in multi-domain structures. Key characteristics of single domain particles include: 1. **Size:** Single domain behavior is typically observed in small magnetic particles, usually on the order of nanometers to a few micrometers in diameter.
The Stoner criterion is a concept in solid-state physics that provides a condition for the onset of ferromagnetism in materials. It is named after the physicist Edmund C. Stoner, who formulated it in the context of electron spin and magnetic properties in metals. The Stoner criterion can be expressed using the density of states at the Fermi level and the exchange interaction parameter, which reflects the strength of the interaction between electrons with opposite spins.
"Ghost in the Shell" is a live-action science fiction film released in 2017, directed by Rupert Sanders. It is based on the Japanese manga of the same name created by Masamune Shirow, which previously inspired an acclaimed animated film in 1995 and several other adaptations. The story is set in a near-future, cyberpunk world where technology and the human body can be augmented with cybernetic enhancements.
The André plane, also known as the André–Tamagawa plane, is a concept in algebraic geometry that arises in the context of p-adic geometry and the study of rational points on algebraic varieties. It was introduced by the mathematician Yves André as part of his work on the geometry of numbers and the theory of motives.
Flow meter error refers to the discrepancy between the measured flow rate as indicated by a flow meter and the actual flow rate of a fluid passing through the meter. This error can arise from various factors, including: 1. **Calibration Error**: If the flow meter is not properly calibrated, it may provide inaccurate readings. Regular calibration is necessary to ensure accuracy. 2. **Installation Effects**: Poor installation can lead to errors.
The Haynes similitude principle, often referred to simply as "similitude," is a concept used primarily in fluid dynamics and related fields. It is a method that allows engineers and scientists to predict the behavior of one fluid system based on the behavior of another fluid system that is similar in certain respects. The principle is based on the idea that certain dimensionless parameters can be used to create relationships between different systems.
The Okubo–Weiss parameter is a measure used in fluid dynamics, particularly in the study of turbulent flows, to analyze the stability and behavior of vortical structures in fluid motion. It helps to distinguish between different types of fluid flow by quantifying the balance between strain and rotation in the flow field.
Patch dynamics is a concept that arises in various fields, including physics, ecology, and systems biology. In the context of physics, it often pertains to the study of dynamic systems that can be modeled as composed of distinct "patches" or regions, each of which can have different properties or behaviors while interacting with one another.
Vortex stretching is a phenomenon in fluid dynamics that occurs in turbulent flows. It refers to the process by which a vortex line, or a thin filament of vorticity, is stretched as the surrounding fluid moves. This stretching leads to an increase in the strength and intensity of the vortex, ultimately resulting in the formation of smaller vortices and a more complex flow structure.
LEO (short for "LEO I" and "LEO II") refers to a series of early commercial computers developed by the British company J. Lyons and Co. in the 1950s. The LEO computers are historically significant because they are among the first electronic computers used for business applications. The first LEO, introduced in 1951, was capable of performing calculations for business operations such as payroll and inventory management.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact