A tropical cyclone forecast model is a mathematical tool used by meteorologists to predict the formation, intensity, and path of tropical cyclones, which include hurricanes and typhoons. These models use complex equations that describe atmospheric and oceanic processes, incorporating a vast amount of observational data, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and pressure.

Seismic tomography is a geophysical technique used to image the Earth's interior by analyzing the propagation of seismic waves generated by earthquakes or artificial sources. It is akin to the medical imaging technique of CT (computed tomography), where cross-sectional images of the body are created. In seismic tomography, seismologists collect data from various seismic stations that detect waves produced by seismic events. These waves can be divided into two main types: primary waves (P-waves) and secondary waves (S-waves).

3D-Jury is a software application designed to facilitate the assessment and evaluation of projects in a three-dimensional space. It is often used in fields such as architecture, urban planning, and design to allow multiple stakeholders to review and provide feedback on 3D models or visualizations of projects. The platform enables users to interact with and manipulate 3D representations of projects collaboratively, which can enhance communication and decision-making during the project development process.

BioPAX (Biological Pathway Exchange) is a standard format designed for the exchange, sharing, and representation of biological pathway information. It aims to enable interoperability among software and databases that manage biological data related to molecular interactions, cellular processes, and metabolic pathways. BioPAX provides a standardized vocabulary and structure for depicting biological entities—such as genes, proteins, and small molecules—and their interactions or relationships within biological pathways.

Biological network inference is the process of deducing or reconstructing biological networks from experimental data. These networks can represent various biological interactions and relationships, such as gene regulatory networks, protein-protein interaction networks, metabolic networks, and others. The goal of network inference is to understand the complex interactions that govern biological processes by creating models that illustrate how different components (genes, proteins, metabolites, etc.) interact with each other.

The Darwin Core Archive (DwC Archive) is a data standard used for sharing biodiversity data. It is part of the Darwin Core standards, which provide a framework for providing information about biological diversity in a structured and interoperable way. The Darwin Core Archive facilitates the sharing and publishing of biodiversity datasets, particularly in the context of specimen records, observations, or related data concerning organisms. It consists of various types of metadata and data files that collectively allow for the easy exchange and usage of biodiversity information.

De novo transcriptome assembly is the process of reconstructing the complete set of RNA transcripts in a given organism or sample without prior reference to a known genome. This is particularly useful in situations where the genome of the organism is not available, poorly annotated, or when studying non-model organisms. Here are the key steps and concepts involved in de novo transcriptome assembly: 1. **RNA Extraction**: First, RNA is extracted from the cells or tissues of interest.

In bioinformatics, a dot plot is a graphical method used to visualize the similarities and differences between two biological sequences, such as DNA, RNA, or protein sequences. The primary purpose of a dot plot is to identify regions of similarity that may indicate homology, structural or functional relationships, or conserved sequences. ### How Dot Plots Work: 1. **Matrix Representation**: In a dot plot, one sequence is represented along the x-axis and the other along the y-axis.

Engineering biology is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles of biology, engineering, and computational sciences to design and manipulate biological systems for various applications. It encompasses a broad range of activities, including the development of synthetic biological systems, the design of new organisms, and the manipulation of existing biological functions for practical uses. Key aspects of engineering biology include: 1. **Synthetic Biology**: This involves designing and constructing new biological parts, devices, and systems, as well as redesigning existing biological systems for useful purposes.

ExPASy, or the Expert Protein Analysis System, is a bioinformatics resource portal operated by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). It provides access to a variety of databases and tools for protein sequence analysis and functional annotation.

A Nexus file typically refers to a data file format used in various scientific fields, particularly in the context of imaging and data management. The term "Nexus" can be specifically associated with different disciplines, so its meaning may vary depending on the context.

Genome survey sequencing (GSS) is a technique used to obtain a preliminary assessment of the genetic content of an organism's genome. This method typically involves sequencing a small portion of the genome, or specific regions of interest, to gather information about its structure, function, and organization without the need for full genome sequencing.

Glycoinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines glycomics, which is the study of glycan structures and their functions, with bioinformatics tools and methodologies. Glycans, or carbohydrates, are essential biomolecules that play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cell signaling, immune response, and disease progression. Glycoinformatics focuses on the computational analysis, interpretation, and visualization of glycan structures, networks, and their interactions.

ITools Resourceome is a web-based bioinformatics tool designed for the visualization and analysis of biological data, particularly in the context of genomics and proteomics. It provides users with a platform to explore various resources related to gene expression, protein interaction, and other biological data sets. The tool aims to integrate diverse biological information and facilitate research by offering features such as data mining, graphical representation, and analysis options.

Integrative bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines computational biology, systems biology, and various bioinformatics approaches to analyze and interpret biological data from multiple sources. The goal of integrative bioinformatics is to create a holistic understanding of biological systems by integrating diverse types of data—from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics, to clinical and environmental data.

The Multiscale Electrophysiology Format (MEF) is a specialized data format designed to facilitate the storage, sharing, and analysis of electrophysiological data collected from biological systems at multiple scales. This format is particularly useful for researchers working in fields such as neuroscience and cardiology, where data can originate from cellular, tissue, and whole organism levels.

A Position Weight Matrix (PWM) is a mathematical representation used to describe the binding preferences of a protein (often a transcription factor) for a specific DNA sequence. It is particularly useful in bioinformatics and molecular biology for analyzing DNA motifs.

Regulome refers to the regulatory elements of the genome that control gene expression. It encompasses various features such as promoters, enhancers, silencers, and other transcription factor binding sites that influence when, where, and how genes are expressed within an organism. The term is often used in the context of genomics and systems biology to highlight the complex interactions between regulatory DNA sequences and genes.