Line (geometry) Updated 2025-07-16
Linear operator Updated 2025-07-16
Examples:
- a 2x2 matrix can represent a linear map from to , so which is a linear operator
- the derivative is a linear map from to , so which is also a linear operator
Secrets (Allan Holdsworth album) Updated 2025-07-16
Secrets Allan Holdsworth album
. Source. Second quantization Updated 2025-07-16
Second quantization also appears to be useful not only for relativistic quantum mechanics, but also for condensed matter physics. The reason is that the basis idea is to use the number occupation basis. This basis is:
- convenient for quantum field theory because of particle creation and annihilation changes the number of particles all the time
- convenient for condensed matter physics because there you have a gazillion particles occupying entire energy bands
Bibliography:
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVqOfEYzwFY "How to Visualize Quantum Field Theory" by ZAP Physics (2020). Has 1D simulations on a circle. Starts towards the right direction, but is a bit lacking unfortunately, could go deeper.
Second law of thermodynamics Updated 2025-07-16
Subtle is the Lord by Abraham Pais (1982) chapter 4 "Entropy and Probability" mentions well how Boltzmann first thought that the second law was an actual base physical law of the universe while he was calculating numerical stuff for it, including as late as 1872.
But then he saw an argument by Johann Joseph Loschmidt that given the time reversibility of classical mechanics, and because they were thinking of atoms as classical balls as in the kinetic theory of gases, then there always exist a valid physical state where entropy decreases, by just reversing the direction of time and all particle speeds.
So from this he understood that the second law can only be probabilistic, and not a fundamental law of physics, which he published clearly in 1877.
Pleistocene Updated 2025-07-16
Agriculture is not the official definition of the age. But it is good enough. Likely related to the official end of glaciations thing.
Planned obsolescence Updated 2025-07-16
2019 cell phones are glued together with adhesive, which makes them impossible to repair them unless you have a heat gun, spend hours and hours learning and planning, and accept the risk of breaking the screen
Repairability scores: www.ifixit.com/smartphone-repairability
If you take a phone less than 300 dollars to a repair shop in the first world, they will say: I've never repaired this crap, and likely for the price of the repair you should just buy a new one, and so to the trash goes the old one, polluting the planet, and in comes a new one, enriching the manufacturer further.
Oh, there is some 2017 EU action actually: (archive) www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20170629IPR78633/making-consumer-products-more-durable-and-easier-to-repair
Life difficulty level meme Updated 2025-07-16
Library classification Updated 2025-07-16
Level: Asian Updated 2025-07-16
This is true. The level of competition in university entry exams in Asia in insane in the early 21st century compared to the West.
This is actually both good and bad. Good because it selects some very good exam passers. And bad because it selects some very good exam passers.
Leo Szilard Updated 2025-07-16
Leo Szilard: The Genius Behind the Bomb
. Source. 1992. TODO an external link to the production? Producers credited at end: Helen Weiss and Alain Jehlen. As indicated at: archive.org/details/TheGeniusBehindtheBomb it was apparently produced by WGBH, public radio station from Boston. Sass (stylesheet language) Updated 2025-07-16
The more of their syntax gets merged into mainline Cascading Style Sheets, the better the world will be.
Sal Khan Updated 2025-07-16
Like Jimmy Wales, he used to work in finance and then quit. What is it with those successful e-learning people??
Leeuwenhoek microscope Updated 2025-07-16
Lebesgue integral Updated 2025-07-16
"More complex and general" integral. Matches the Riemann integral for "simple functions", but also works for some "funkier" functions that Riemann does not work for.
Ciro Santilli sometimes wonders how much someone can gain from learning this besides the beauty of mathematics, since we can hand-wave a Lebesgue integral on almost anything that is of practical use. The beauty is good reason enough though.
LaTeX Updated 2025-07-16
But too insane, and did not keep up with internet age, and so Ciro wants to kill it now.
Laplace transform Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli's hardware Lenovo ThinkPad P14s gen4 amd Updated 2026-01-30
Bought: November 2023 during Black Friday sale for £1,323.00 to be Ciro Santilli's main personal laptop.
Six years after, and we are 2x on every key spec (except processor Hz ;-) at about 1/2 the price and 1/2 the weight (though smaller 14" screen for greater portability), so not bad! Customized to max out each hardware spec:
Specs:
- Processor: AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 7840U Processor (3.30 GHz up to 5.10 GHz)
- Graphic Card: Integrated GraphicsThe Ubuntu 23.10 "About system GUI describes its graphics as: Radeon 780M Graphics × 16, which e.g. www.techpowerup.com/gpu-specs/radeon-780m.c4020 documents as running the RDNA 3 microarchitecture.
- Operating System: No Operating System selected upgrade
- Operating System Language: No Operating System Language selected upgrade
- Microsoft Productivity Software: None
- Memory: 64 GB LPDDR5X-6400MHz (Soldered)selected upgrade. Specs at: www.lenovo.com/gb/en/p/accessories-and-software/memory-and-storage/memory-and-storage-hard-drives/4xb1d04758 quotes "64 Gbps", i.e. 8 GB/s.
dd count=1M if=/dev/zero of=tmpgives only 255 MB/s however. - Solid State Drive: 2 TB SSD M.2 2280 PCIe Gen4 Performance TLC Opalselected upgrade
- Display: 14" WUXGA (1920 x 1200), IPS, Anti-Glare, Touch, 45%NTSC, 300 nits, 60Hz
- Camera: 1080P FHD RGB/IR Hybrid with Microphone
- Color: Thunder Black
- Factory Color Calibration: No Factory Color Calibration
- Wireless: Qualcomm Wi-Fi 6E NFA725A 2x2 AX & Bluetooth® 5.1 or above
- Integrated Mobile Broadband: No Wireless WAN
- Ethernet: Wired Ethernet
- Near Field Communication: No NFC
- Fingerprint Reader: Fingerprint Reader
- Keyboard: Black - English (EU)selected upgrade
- Battery: 4 Cell Li-Polymer 52.5Whselected upgrade
- Power Cord: 65W USB-C Slim 90% PCC 3pin AC Adapter - UKselected upgrade
- Electronic Privacy Filter: No ePrivacy Filter
- Adobe Elements: None
- Adobe Acrobat: None
- Adobe Creative Cloud: None
- Security Software: None
- Cloud Security Software: No Cloud Security Software
- Warranty: 3 Year Courier or Carry-in
Identifiers:
- Ethernet MAC address: fc:5c:ee:24:fb:b4
- Wi-Fi MAC address: 04:7b:cb:cc:1b:10
Upon arrival:
Buy research:
- www.phoronix.com/review/thinkpad-p14s-gen4 says Ubuntu running fine
- Intel vs amd: the Intel ones could come with a discrete rtx A500 GPU. GPU likely makes laptop heavier and less power efficient. And both have basically the same benchmark which is crazy:So the only downside is not being able to run CUDA.
- thought about Yoga or other Ultrabook options, but 2x price at same specs, so nah...
Log:
2024-01-17: firmware update:Actually fixed performance mode: askubuntu.com/questions/604720/setting-to-high-performance/1343879#1343879
Vendor: LENOVO
Version: R2FET36W (1.16 )
Release Date: 10/24/2023 Saint Seiya Updated 2025-07-16
This was THE craze thing in Brazil before Pokemon, it was shown from 1994 to 1997. In particular the collectible action figures! It was possibly more popular in Brazil than e.g. in the US: www.quora.com/Why-was-Saint-Seiya-so-popular-in-Brazil
The thing as quite violent, rated for 14-year olds, but no one gave a fuck, 7 yo Ciro was happily watching it. We protect children too much.
That series also had quite a religious feel to it (as obviously suggested by the series English name itself). It must also have been a great motivator to getting young kids into astronomy!
Ciro's favorite character was definitely Andromeda Shun. He was smart and thoughtful, and had the coolest most complex weapon: his chain whips. He's also a bit effeminate, with his pink clothing and a gentle way. Perhaps that is the reason for adult Ciro's mild fascination with the Andromeda Galaxy.
The English name is horrendous... the Portuguese/French name is so much better: Knights of the Zodiac! Saying this in English just reminded Ciro Santilli of the Zodiac Killer. But nevermind.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Updated 2025-07-16
Minimization project: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae#Synthetic_yeast_genome_project | syntheticyeast.org/
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