Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37

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Stack Overflow should pay its top contributors by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

One may dream.

If they belive that their reputation is a representative meaningful metric, then it should be fine!

And if not, then they should fix it.

Notably, more people would try to "game" the system by quickly answering lots of small impact answers which could tilt things off a bit. Not to mention straight out fraud.

So basically less money into developers doing useless new features for the website, and more money back into meaningful contributors.

How about 2k USD / month for the number one contributor of the year, going linearly down to 0 for the 200th? This would be 100k USD / month, so about 12 developers.

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Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

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Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

This actually happens in Winter. But they are so fucking euphemistic that winter has to be removed from the calendar.

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Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

This actually happens in spring. But because they are so euphemistic winter had to be removed from the calendar, it gets shifted a left.

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Convert PDF to text by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

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Probable observation of the Josephson superconducting tunneling effect by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

Paper by Philip W. Anderson and John M. Rowell that first (?) experimentally observed the Josephson effect.

Paywalled by the American Physical Society as of 2023 at: journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.230

DOI: doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.10.230

TODO understand the graphs in detail.

They used tin-oxide-lead tunnel at 1.5 K. TODO oxide of what? Why two different metals? They say that both films are 200 nm thick, so maybe it is:

   -----+------+------+-----
...  Sn | SnO2 | PbO2 | Pb  ...
   -----+------+------------
          100nm 100nm

A reconstruction of their circuit in Ciro's ASCII art circuit diagram notation TODO:

DC---R_10---X---G

There are not details of the physical construction of course. Reproducibility lol.

Figure 1.
Figure 1 of Probable observation of the Josephson superconducting tunneling effect
. TODO what do the dotted lines mean?

Figure 2.
Figure 2 of Probable observation of the Josephson superconducting tunneling effect
.

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Melody of Longshuo by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

silkqin.com entry: www.silkqin.com/02qnpu/07sqmp/sq46lsc.htm

Melody of Longshuo performed by Zhang Ziqian

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Zhang Ziqian by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

Figure 1. Source.

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Maser by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

Principles of the Optical Maser by Bell Labs

. Source. Date: 1963.

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Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

The most classic thing he did perhaps was creating the LeNet neural network and using it on the MNIST dataset to recognize hand-written digits circ 1998.

Figure 1.
Yann LeCun
. Source.

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1914 Nobel Prize in Physics by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

Not only did this open the way for X-ray crystallography, it more fundamentally clarified the nature of X-rays as being electromagnetic radiation, and helped further establish the atomic theory.

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Quantization as an Eigenvalue Problem by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

This paper appears to calculate the Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom.

TODO is this the original paper on the Schrödinger equation?

Published on Annalen der Physik in 1926.

Open access in German at: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19263840404 which gives volume 384, Issue 4, Pages 361-376. Kudos to Wiley for that. E.g. Nature did not have similar policies as of 2023.

This paper may have fallen into the public domain in the US in 2022! On the Internet Archive we can see scans of the journal that contains it at: ia903403.us.archive.org/29/items/sim_annalen-der-physik_1926_79_contents/sim_annalen-der-physik_1926_79_contents.pdf. Ciro Santilli extracted just the paper to: commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AQuantisierung_als_Eigenwertproblem.pdf. It is not as well processed as the Wiley one, but it is of 100% guaranteed clean public domain provenance! TODO: hmmm, it may be public domain in the USA but not Germany, where 70 years after author deaths rules, and Schrodinger died in 1961, so it may be up to 2031 in that country... messy stuff. There's also the question of wether copyright is was tranferred to AdP at publication or not.

An early English translation present at Collected Papers On Wave Mechanics by Deans (1928).

Contains formulas such as the Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom (1''):

(\frac{\partial ψ}{\partial x})^{2} + (\frac{\partial ψ}{\partial y})^{2} + (\frac{\partial ψ}{\partial z})^{2} + \frac{2 m}{K} (E + \frac{2}{r}) ψ^{2} = 0

where:

$r = x^{2} + y^{2} + z^{2}$
In order for there to be numerical agreement, $K$ must have the value $h /2 π$
$e$ , $m$ are the charge and mass of the electron

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Wikipedia dumps by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

Per-table dumps created with mysqldump and listed at: dumps.wikimedia.org/. Most notably, for the English Wikipedia: dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/

A few of the files are not actual tables but derived data, notably dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/enwiki-latest-all-titles-in-ns0.gz from Download titles of all Wikipedia articles

The tables are "documented" under: www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Database_layout, e.g. the central "page" table: www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Page_table. But in many cases it is impossible to deduce what fields are from those docs.

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Wiley (publisher) by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

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CSV CLI tool by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

The generic tool recommendation question: unix.stackexchange.com/questions/7425/is-there-a-robust-command-line-tool-for-processing-csv-files

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Linux CLI HOWTO by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

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Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

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Project Gutenberg by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

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enwiki-latest-category.sql by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/enwiki-latest-category.sql.gz contains a list of categories. It only contains the categories and some counts, but it doesn't contain the subcategories and pages under each category, so it is a bit pointless.

The schema is listed at: www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Category_table

The SQL first defines the table:

CREATE TABLE `category` (
  `cat_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cat_title` varbinary(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `cat_pages` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `cat_subcats` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `cat_files` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cat_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `cat_title` (`cat_title`),
  KEY `cat_pages` (`cat_pages`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=249228235 DEFAULT CHARSET=binary ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;

followed by a few humongous inserts:

INSERT INTO `category` VALUES (2,'Unprintworthy_redirects',1597224,20,0),(3,'Computer_storage_devices',88,11,0)

which we can see at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_storage_devices

Se see that en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_storage_devices_by_company

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computer_storage_devices is a subcategory of that category and it appears in that file.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronis_Secure_Zone is a page of the category, and it does not appear

so it contains only categories.

We can check this with:

sed -s 's/),/\n/g' enwiki-latest-category.sql | grep Computer_storage_devices

and it shows:

(3,'Computer_storage_devices',88,11,0
(521773,'Computer_storage_devices_by_company',6,6,0

There doesn't seem to be any interlink between the categories, only page and subcategory counts therefore.

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enwiki-latest-categorylinks.sql by

Ciro Santilli 37  Updated 2025-07-16  +Created 1970-01-01

dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/enwiki-latest-categorylinks.sql.gz

The schema is listed at: www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Categorylinks_table

On the SQL:

CREATE TABLE `categorylinks` (
  `cl_from` int(8) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `cl_to` varbinary(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `cl_sortkey` varbinary(230) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `cl_timestamp` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp() ON UPDATE current_timestamp(),
  `cl_sortkey_prefix` varbinary(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `cl_collation` varbinary(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `cl_type` enum('page','subcat','file') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'page',
  PRIMARY KEY (`cl_from`,`cl_to`),
  KEY `cl_timestamp` (`cl_to`,`cl_timestamp`),
  KEY `cl_sortkey` (`cl_to`,`cl_type`,`cl_sortkey`,`cl_from`),
  KEY `cl_collation_ext` (`cl_collation`,`cl_to`,`cl_type`,`cl_from`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=binary ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED;

TODO what is cl_from? We've tried:

page_id: nope, there is not page_id of 3

cl_to appears to always be a category string name.

The format appears to be described at: www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Categorylinks_table

A sample INSERT entry is:

(3,'Computer_storage_devices',88,11,0)

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