But now people want to send voice. How to do it?
It would not be practical without modulation: Why can't you send voice without modulation?
The mantra of the computer simulation engineer.
Amazingly confirms the wave particle duality of quantum mechanics.
The effect is even more remarkable when done with individual particles such individual photons or electrons.
Richard Feynman liked to stress how this experiment can illustrate the core ideas of quantum mechanics. Notably, he night have created the infinitely many slits thought experiment which illustrates the path integral formulation.
Quantum version of the Hall effect.
As you increase the magnetic field, you can see the Hall resistance increase, but it does so in discrete steps.
Gotta understand this because the name sounds cool. Maybe also because it is used to define the fucking ampere in the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units.
At least the experiment description itself is easy to understand. The hard part is the physical theory behind.
The effect can be separated into two modes:
- Integer quantum Hall effect: easier to explain from first principles
- Fractional quantum Hall effect: harder to explain from first principles
- Fractional quantum Hall effect for : 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics
- Fractional quantum Hall effect for : one of the most important unsolved physics problems as of 2023
Introductory Quantum Mechanics by Richard Fitzpatrick (2020) by 
Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16This LibreTexts book does have some interest!
MIT 8.06 Quantum Physics III, Spring 2018 by Barton Zwiebach by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16Instructor: Barton Zwiebach.
Free material from university courses:
- physics.weber.edu/schroeder/quantum/QuantumBook.pdf (archive) "Notes on Quantum Mechanics" pusbliehd by Daniel V. Schroeder (2019) The author is from from Weber State University.
Summary:
- Chapter 2 "Band Structure" covers electronic band theory
Quantum Mechanics for Engineers by Leon van Dommelen (2011) by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16Looks very impressive! Last update marked 2011 as of 2020.
Goes up to "A.15 quantum field theory in a Nanoshell", Ciro have to review it to see if there's anything worthwhile in that section.
Personal page says he retired as of 2020: www.eng.fsu.edu/~dommelen/ But hopefully he has more time for these notes!
And he appears to have his own lightweight markup language that transpiles to LaTeX called l2h: www.eng.fsu.edu/~dommelen/l2h/
Last updated: 2013.
There were apparently some lecture videos at: web.archive.org/web/20030604194654/http://physicsstream.ucsd.edu/courses/spring2003/physics130a/ as pointed out by Matthew Heaney[ref], .mov files can be found at: web.archive.org/web/*/http://physicsstream.ucsd.edu/courses/spring2003/physics130a/*, but we were yet unable to open them, related:
Basically a precise statement of "quantum entanglement is spooky".
IBM 2017 beryllium hydride ground state calculation on a quantum computer by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16 There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.