The Bloch sphere is the unit sphere of Bloch vectors, corresponding to pure qubit states through . A local unitary change of qubit basis induces a rotation of this sphere, with its common phase physically irrelevant. Mixed states occupy the interior of the unit ball.
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The Bloch sphere is a geometrical representation of the state space of a two-level quantum mechanical system, commonly referred to as a qubit. In quantum mechanics, qubits are the fundamental units of quantum information, analogous to classical bits, but they can exist in superpositions of 0 and 1 states. The Bloch sphere provides a visualization of the pure states of a qubit as points on the surface of a sphere.
