Map each real into by a fixed bijection, choose its canonical binary expansion, and alternate the two bit sequences as ternary digits and . If two such outputs first differ at position , the leading difference has size and the remaining tail has size at most , so they are unequal. This gives an explicit injection pairing two reals. Iteration encodes every fixed finite real tuple without invoking ambiguous decimal expansions.
There are injections for , each with coinfinite range, with equal to outside a finite set. At countable limits, extend partial functions along a cofinal sequence, repair finitely many collisions, and reserve a fresh omitted natural number at each step. The reserved sequence makes the union coinfinite and permits all later successor steps.
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An injective function, also known as a one-to-one function, is a type of function in mathematics that preserves distinctness: if two inputs to the function are different, then their outputs will also be different.