The concentration-based ionic strength is , where is each dissolved ion's concentration and its signed electric charge number. It has the same units as ; some formulas instead use the dimensionless ratio . All dissolved ions contribute, including those that balance the electric charge of a buffer solution's conjugate base. Ionic strength helps describe the interactions represented by activity coefficients. See Hippler and Metcalfe, activity coefficients and dimensionless ionic strength.
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Ionic strength is a measure of the concentration of ions in a solution. It quantifies the total concentration of ions in a solution by taking into account not just the number of ions, but also their charges. This is important in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and environmental science, as it affects various properties of the solution, including solubility, activity coefficients, and reaction kinetics.