Light-dependent reactions

In a chloroplast, light-dependent reactions take place at thylakoid membranes. Chlorophyll captures light; Electron transfer helps establish an electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane, enabling formation of ATP. The oxygenic photosynthesis pathway also forms NADPH and releases molecular oxygen from water. ATP and NADPH become available in the chloroplast stroma for the Calvin cycle. See Alberts et al.: chloroplast light reactions.
Figure 1.
Thylakoid membranes and chloroplast stroma couple two stages of photosynthesis
. Original chloroplast schematic, not an experimental photograph or a scale drawing. Light-dependent reactions supply ATP and NADPH to the stromal Calvin cycle; depleted carriers return for reuse. The molecular oxygen arrow leaves the water-using stage, while carbon dioxide enters carbon fixation. Details.

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