A chloroplast is a compartment in photosynthetic plant and algae biological cells. Its internal thylakoids carry out light-dependent reactions; its surrounding chloroplast stroma contains the enzymes of the Calvin cycle. Cyanobacteria perform oxygenic photosynthesis without chloroplasts. See Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell: chloroplasts and photosynthesis.
The chloroplast stroma is the fluid compartment inside the chloroplast envelope but outside its thylakoids. The Calvin cycle operates here; the interior of a thylakoid is a separate compartment.
A thylakoid is a flattened membrane-bounded compartment. In a chloroplast, its membrane contains the machinery for light-dependent reactions, including chlorophyll. Stacks of thylakoids pack membrane area into a small space within the chloroplast; the light-dependent reactions schematic simplifies this architecture.
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