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Staggered magnetization
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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge
/
2022
/
iii
/
Paper 303
/
1
/
b
/
iii
/
Solution
2026-09-28
View more
For
h
=
g
=
0
, the expansion
I
(
m
)
=
−
lo
g
2
+
m
2
/2
+
O
(
m
4
)
gives
f
=
constant
+
Jd
m
e
m
o
+
4
β
1
(
m
e
2
+
m
o
2
)
+
O
(
m
4
)
.
(1)
With
m
±
=
(
m
e
±
m
o
)
/2
, one has
m
e
m
o
=
m
+
2
−
m
−
2
and
m
e
2
+
m
o
2
=
2
(
m
+
2
+
m
−
2
)
. Hence
f
=
constant
+
(
Jd
+
2
β
1
)
m
+
2
+
(
2
β
1
−
Jd
)
m
−
2
+
O
(
m
4
)
.
(2)
The
staggered magnetization
m
−
becomes unstable at
T
c
=
2
Jd
,
(3)
producing the antiferromagnetic transition. The
coefficient
of the
uniform magnetization
m
+
remains positive for every
T
>
0
, so there is no
m
+
transition.
Total
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:
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