Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2004 iii Paper 50 3 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
The same Super-Poincaré algebra gives the operator identityFor a normalized physical state in a positive-norm Hilbert space,An unbroken supersymmetric vacuum must be annihilated by every supercharge and its adjoint, hence has zero energy. Conversely, zero expectation of this positive sum forces each norm separately to vanish. Therefore a vacuum with strictly positive energy necessarily breaks supersymmetry. For an infinite-volume field theory the corresponding statement is about vacuum energy density, obtained with an appropriate finite-volume regulator. The zero of energy is fixed by the algebra; it cannot be arbitrarily shifted while preserving this identity. This is the global-supersymmetry result and does not assert positivity of the general local-supergravity scalar potential.