John Stachel is an American physicist known for his work in the field of general relativity, particularly in relation to the theories of Albert Einstein. He has contributed to the understanding of gravitational waves and black hole physics, and is recognized for his efforts in the promotion and dissemination of Einstein's work. In addition to his scientific contributions, Stachel has played a role in the historical study of Einstein's theories, including examining their philosophical implications.
Stanley Deser is an American theoretical physicist known for his work in general relativity and quantum field theory. He has made significant contributions to various areas of theoretical physics, including the study of gravitational theories and their mathematical foundations. Deser is also noted for his work on the principles of consistency in theories of gravity, particularly in contexts such as the ADM (Arnowitt-Deser-Misner) formalism and the role of asymptotic symmetries in gravitational theories.
Quantum measurement is a fundamental process in quantum mechanics that involves the interaction between a quantum system and a measurement device, resulting in the extraction of information about the system's state. The act of measurement has significant implications for the behavior of quantum systems, distinguishing it from classical measurements. Key concepts related to quantum measurement include: 1. **Superposition**: Before measurement, a quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously (a superposition).
1QBit is a technology company that specializes in quantum computing and advanced computational solutions. Founded in 2012, the company aims to leverage quantum technology for practical applications across various industries, including finance, pharmaceuticals, logistics, and materials science. 1QBit develops software and algorithms designed to optimize complex problems that traditional computers may struggle to solve efficiently. The company also focuses on building tools that enable businesses to harness the power of quantum computers as these technologies mature and become more accessible.
Holevo's theorem is a fundamental result in quantum information theory that provides a limit to the amount of classical information that can be extracted from a quantum system. Specifically, it relates to the transmission of classical information through quantum states and deals with how much information can be extracted from measurements on a quantum ensemble.
AQUA@home is a distributed computing project that focuses on simulating molecular systems in order to study and understand the behavior of water and other molecules at the atomic level. It is part of the broader BOINC (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing) platform, which allows volunteers to contribute their computer's processing power to scientific research projects. The project primarily aims to explore the properties of water, including its unique behavior, molecular dynamics, and hydration effects in various chemical and biological contexts.
An Absolutely Maximally Entangled (AME) state is a special type of quantum state that represents a high degree of entanglement between multiple quantum systems. AME states are significant in the fields of quantum information and quantum computing, particularly in tasks that involve multipartite entanglement, such as quantum error correction and quantum communication.
An ancilla bit, in the context of quantum computing, refers to an additional qubit that is used to assist in computations but is not part of the main input or output of the quantum algorithm. Ancilla bits serve several purposes, such as: 1. **Facilitating Quantum Gates**: Ancilla bits can help in implementing certain quantum gates or operations that may be difficult to perform directly on the main qubits.
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical upper limit on the amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space that has a finite amount of energy. It was proposed by physicist Jacob Bekenstein in the context of black hole thermodynamics and information theory.
Bell's theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics that addresses the nature of correlations predicted by quantum theory and the implications for the concept of local realism. Proposed by physicist John S. Bell in 1964, the theorem demonstrates that certain predictions of quantum mechanics are incompatible with the principle of local realism, which holds that: 1. Locality: The outcomes of measurements on one system are not influenced by distant systems (no instantaneous "spooky action at a distance").
The NOON state is a concept in quantum mechanics and quantum information science that refers to a specific type of entangled state of multiple particles, typically photons. The NOON state is defined as a superposition of two distinct states where the particles are in a defined number of particles in two modes.
The no-cloning theorem is a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics that states it is impossible to create an identical copy (or "clone") of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. This theorem is significant because it highlights a key difference between classical information and quantum information. In classical physics, if you have a piece of information, you can make copies of it easily.
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) is a field of physics that studies the interactions between light (photons) and matter (typically atoms or quantum dots) confined in a small cavity or resonator. The essential idea is to control and enhance the interaction between light and matter by using a cavity, which can trap photons and force them to interact more strongly with the quantum systems placed inside.
The Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NQIQS) is an interdisciplinary research facility that typically focuses on the fields of nanotechnology, quantum science, and their applications. While the specific details can vary by institution, such centers often involve the study of nanoscale materials and devices, quantum computing, quantum communication, and related technologies.
The Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT) is a research institute that focuses on the study and development of quantum technologies. Based in Singapore, CQT is part of the National University of Singapore (NUS) and was established in 2007. Its mission includes advancing the scientific understanding of quantum mechanics and its applications, promoting interdisciplinary research, and supporting the development of quantum technologies, such as quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing.
The holographic principle is a concept in theoretical physics that suggests that the information contained within a volume of space can be represented as a theory that resides on the boundary of that space. In other words, it posits that all the information of a three-dimensional space can be encoded on a two-dimensional surface (the "boundary") that encloses it, much like a hologram, which is a two-dimensional surface that contains three-dimensional images.
Decoherence-free subspaces (DFS) are specific states or subspaces in a quantum system that are immune to certain types of environmental noise, particularly noise associated with decoherence. Decoherence refers to the process by which quantum systems lose their coherent superpositions due to interactions with their environment, leading to the classical behavior that we observe. This is a significant problem in quantum computing and quantum information science, where maintaining coherence is essential for the functionality of quantum bits (qubits).
The Deferred Measurement Principle, commonly referred to in accounting and finance, relates to how certain items are recognized and measured in financial statements. Specifically, it addresses the timing of when revenues and expenses are recognized, distinguishing between cash accounting and the accrual basis of accounting. Under the Deferred Measurement Principle: 1. **Revenue Recognition**: Revenues are recognized when they are earned, not necessarily when cash is received.
Dephasing is a concept primarily encountered in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory, as well as in classical wave physics. It refers to the process in which a coherent quantum state loses its relative phase information due to interactions with the environment or other systems. In quantum mechanics, particles such as electrons and photons can exist in superposition states, meaning they can simultaneously occupy multiple states. Coherence is crucial for maintaining these superpositions.
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. - Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact