S/2018 J 4 is the designation of a natural satellite, or moon, of the planet Jupiter. Discovered in 2018, it is part of a group of moons that have similar orbital characteristics. The designation typically reflects the year of discovery (2018) and the sequential number of the moon discovered that year (J 4 indicates it was the fourth moon discovered around Jupiter in that year).

Adam Scaife is a prominent climate scientist known for his work in the field of seasonal and decadal climate prediction. He has contributed to the understanding of climate dynamics, particularly regarding the influence of natural climate variability and anthropogenic factors on climate systems. Scaife is associated with organizations such as the UK Met Office, where he has been involved in research related to climate modeling and prediction. His work often focuses on improving forecasting methods and understanding long-term climate trends.

As of my last update in October 2023, there is no widely known figure, entity, or concept specifically referred to as "Arthur Prowse." It is possible that it could be a lesser-known individual, a brand, a character in a book or film, or a term that has gained relevance after my last training cut-off.

B. V. Bowden, Baron Bowden, is a British academic and former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Southampton. He has made significant contributions to the fields of engineering and academia. Baron Bowden was appointed to the House of Lords as a life peer, and "Baron Bowden" refers to his title in the peerage. His work often highlights the importance of education, research, and the role of universities in society.

Brian Keith Tanner is a person whose name may not be widely recognized in popular culture or historical contexts. Without more specific information, it's challenging to provide an accurate description or context regarding him.

C. Thomas Elliott could refer to a few different individuals depending on the context, but no widely known person or concept by that exact name is prominent in popular culture or historical records as of my last update. It's possible that he could be a lesser-known figure in a specific field such as academia, business, or literature.

Cyril Hilsum is a notable figure in the field of telecommunications and engineering, known for his contributions to the development of fiber optics and optical communications. He has been involved in various research and academic pursuits, often focusing on the practical applications of optical technology.

David John Candlin is not a widely recognized public figure or topic known up to October 2023. It's possible that he could be a private individual or a subject that has gained prominence after my last update.

Edmond Halley can refer to two main subjects: 1. **Edmond Halley (1656-1742)**: He was an English astronomer, mathematician, and physicist best known for calculating the orbit of Halley's Comet, which is named after him. He was the first to predict the return of the comet, which occurs approximately every 76 years.

Ernest Ambler is not a widely known figure in popular culture or significant historical records, so there may be some confusion or misspelling. However, if you are referring to **Eric Ambler**, he was a British author known for his spy novels and thrillers, particularly active during the mid-20th century. His work often combined elements of political intrigue with strong character development and social commentary.

Francis Hauksbee (1660–1713) was an English scientist and inventor known for his work in the fields of electricity and vacuum technology. He is most notable for his experiments with electrostatic phenomena and is often credited with being one of the pioneers of early electrical studies. Hauksbee invented the Hauksbee machine, which was a type of electrostatic generator that generated static electricity through friction.

The P5+1 refers to a group of six world powers that negotiated with Iran over its nuclear program. The group includes the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—namely the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and China—plus Germany. The term is often used in the context of negotiations surrounding Iran's nuclear activities, particularly the comprehensive agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), reached in July 2015.

G. M. B. Dobson refers to Gregory Martin Blunt Dobson, a notable academic and researcher known for his contributions in fields such as environmental science, atmospheric science, or related disciplines. If you're looking for specific works, contributions, or contexts associated with G. M. B. Dobson, please provide more details!

Geoffrey West is a theoretical physicist and a researcher known for his work in complex systems, particularly in the fields of biology, ecology, and urban studies. He is a former president of the Santa Fe Institute, a hub for interdisciplinary research in complex systems science. West is recognized for his research on scaling laws in biology and cities, exploring how various biological and societal systems grow, evolve, and function based on underlying principles of complexity.

"George Singer" could refer to various individuals or contexts, but without specific context, it's challenging to provide an accurate answer.

Gilbert Stead might refer to a few things, depending on the context. However, there isn’t any widely recognized entity or concept specifically known as "Gilbert Stead." It's possible that Gilbert Stead could be a person's name, potentially an author, artist, or a professional in a certain field, or it could refer to a specific location, business, or fictional character.

Helen Czerski is a British physicist, oceanographer, and science communicator known for her work in the field of fluid dynamics and her efforts to engage the public with science through media. She has a background in both the physical sciences and television broadcasting, often presenting documentaries and programs that explore scientific concepts and the natural world. Czerski is also a lecturer at University College London (UCL) and has written extensively on topics related to the ocean, climate, and science communication.

John Herapath was a 19th-century English physicist and engineer, known primarily for his work in thermodynamics and the development of a theoretical framework for the study of heat and energy transfer. He is also recognized for his contributions to various scientific disciplines, including a particular emphasis on the practical applications of physics. One notable aspect of Herapath's work is his involvement in the development of the first accurate steam engine.

John Robertson (born 1940) is a Scottish physicist known for his contributions to the field of quantum mechanics and quantum optics. He has a background in experimental and theoretical physics, and his research often revolves around topics such as quantum coherence, photonics, and the foundational principles of quantum theory. Throughout his career, Robertson has been involved in various academic and research endeavors, contributing to the understanding of complex quantum systems and their applications.

Joseph Swan (1828-1914) was an English physicist and chemist best known for his work on incandescent lighting and the development of the electric light bulb. Swan invented a working electric lightbulb around the same time as Thomas Edison. Although Edison's version was ultimately more commercially successful, Swan's contributions were significant, leading to the establishment of the first commercial electric light company in the UK.