The Necurs botnet is a large and notorious network of infected computers that has been used primarily for distributing spam emails, as well as malware delivery. It first emerged around 2012 and quickly became one of the most significant botnets due to its scale and versatility. Key characteristics of the Necurs botnet include: 1. **Infection Method**: Necurs typically infects systems through malicious email attachments or links. The emails often masquerade as legitimate communications to trick recipients into downloading malware.

Leonid Bunimovich is a mathematician known for his work in various areas of mathematics, including dynamical systems, mathematical physics, and related fields. He has made significant contributions to the understanding of chaotic systems and the behavior of dynamical systems over time.

Sigurd Angenent is a mathematician known for his work in the fields of differential geometry and partial differential equations. He has made significant contributions to the study of geometric flows, particularly mean curvature flow and its regularity properties. Angenent is also recognized for his research on the theory of singularities and the behavior of geometric shapes evolving over time.

Svetlana Jitomirskaya is a prominent mathematician known for her contributions to various areas of mathematics, particularly mathematical physics, dynamical systems, and spectral theory. She has made significant advancements in the study of non-linear partial differential equations and mathematical models in quantum mechanics. Jitomirskaya is also known for her work in mathematical analysis and has received recognition for her research and publications in these fields. Additionally, she has been involved in mentoring and teaching in mathematical sciences.

"Sunset" refers to the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon as the Earth rotates. This phenomenon occurs in the evening and is marked by a gradual change in light and color in the sky. During sunset, the Sun appears to dip below the horizon, and the sky can exhibit a range of colors, including reds, oranges, pinks, and purples, due to the scattering of sunlight by the Earth's atmosphere.

Ecological processes are the natural mechanisms and interactions that occur within ecosystems, influencing the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of organisms and their environments. These processes can impact biodiversity, community structure, nutrient cycling, energy flow, and the overall functioning of ecosystems. Key ecological processes include: 1. **Photosynthesis**: The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Sea ice is a type of ice that forms from the freezing of seawater in polar regions and in some subarctic regions. It plays a crucial role in the Earth's climate system and is an essential component of marine ecosystems. Here are some key points about sea ice: 1. **Formation**: Sea ice typically forms during the winter months when air temperatures drop and the surface of the ocean cools. As the water freezes, it creates a layer of ice on the ocean's surface.

In photography, the "golden hour" refers to the period of time shortly after sunrise and before sunset when the natural light is particularly soft, warm, and golden in color. This specific lighting condition is highly sought after by photographers because it creates flattering and visually appealing images, with enhanced depth and texture. During the golden hour, the sun is low in the sky, which results in longer shadows and a more diffused light, reducing harsh contrasts.

The Drucker–Prager yield criterion is a mathematical model used in plasticity theory and continuum mechanics to describe the yielding behavior of materials, particularly those that exhibit pressure sensitivity, such as soils and certain polymers. This criterion is an extension of the von Mises yield criterion, which is typically used for metals, and it takes into account the effects of hydrostatic stress.

A flow net is a graphical representation used in geotechnical engineering and hydrology to analyze and visualize the flow of fluids, primarily groundwater, through porous media. It consists of a network of intersecting lines that represent equipotential lines and flow lines. Here are the key components and features of flow nets: 1. **Flow Lines**: These are lines that indicate the path along which water flows. They represent the direction of fluid movement.

The P-y method is a widely used approach in geotechnical engineering for analyzing the behavior of laterally loaded pile foundations in soil. It provides a way to model the lateral resistance (p) provided by the surrounding soil as a function of the lateral displacement (y) of the pile. This method is particularly useful for predicting how piles will behave under lateral loads, such as those caused by wind or seismic forces.

Rankine theory, also known as Rankine's method or Rankine's stability theory, is a concept in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering that focuses on the behavior of soil under lateral earth pressures. Named after the British engineer William John Macquorn Rankine, the theory provides a simplified approach to calculate the earth pressure acting on retaining walls, excavations, and earth structures.

Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon where saturated soil loses its strength and stiffness in response to applied stress, such as shaking during an earthquake or vibrations from heavy machinery. When this occurs, affected soil behaves like a liquid, leading to a significant reduction in its load-bearing capacity. Liquefaction typically occurs in loose, water-saturated granular soils, like sand or silt, when pore water pressure increases rapidly and causes the soil particles to lose their contact with each other.

In geology, "dispersion" refers to the process by which particles or substances are spread out or distributed in a medium, typically within sediments or rock formations. This term can be applied in various contexts, including: 1. **Sediment Dispersion**: The movement and distribution of sedimentary particles in water or air, influenced by factors such as current flow, wave action, and wind. This dispersion can affect sediment composition, grain size distribution, and overall geology of an area.

The term "nonlimiting water range" typically refers to the range of moisture levels in soil or a specific medium where water availability is not a limiting factor for plant growth. This range indicates optimal moisture content that supports healthy plant development without the adverse effects of water scarcity or excess.

John Kay was an English inventor who is best known for his invention of the flying shuttle in 1733. The flying shuttle was a significant advancement in the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution. It allowed weavers to operate a loom more efficiently by enabling them to send the shuttle (the device that carries the thread) back and forth across the loom without needing to manually pass it from one hand to the other. This innovation increased the speed of weaving and allowed for wider fabrics to be produced.

"Autoinflation" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it's used. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **Scientific/Technical Context**: In certain scientific or mechanical applications, autoinflation may refer to a process or device that automatically inflates a structure or object without the need for manual intervention. For instance, inflatable safety devices like airbag systems in vehicles can be considered autoinflating, as they deploy automatically upon impact.

Diving physics refers to the application of physical principles and concepts to understand the dynamics and mechanics of diving, whether it be in scuba diving, free diving, or competitive diving (like springboard and platform diving). Several key concepts in diving physics include: 1. **Buoyancy**: The upward force that water exerts on a submerged object. According to Archimedes' principle, an object will experience a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

Georges Besançon is a name that may refer to various individuals or entities, but there is no widely known or prominent figure by that exact name in popular culture, history, or other notable fields as of my last update in October 2023. It is possible that Georges Besançon could be a lesser-known person in areas such as academia, art, or literature, or it might refer to a specific location or a brand in a certain context.