The 1990s was a transformative decade in computing, marked by significant technological advancements, the rise of the internet, and the commercialization of personal computing. Here are some key highlights from that era: 1. **Personal Computers (PCs)**: The 1990s saw the widespread adoption of personal computers in homes and businesses. Companies like IBM, Dell, and Compaq were key players.

The history of computing hardware from the 1960s to the present is marked by significant technological advancements and paradigmatic shifts. Here’s an overview of the major developments during this period: ### 1960s: Mainframes and Minicomputers - **Mainframes:** The decade saw the prominence of large mainframe computers, used primarily by governments and large corporations for business, scientific, and engineering tasks.

De Sitter invariant special relativity refers to a theoretical framework that extends the principles of special relativity to include de Sitter space, which is a model of spacetime that includes a positive cosmological constant. This framework can be seen as an extension of the usual flat Minkowski spacetime of special relativity, incorporating the geometric properties associated with de Sitter space, which has a constant positive curvature.

The term "Soviet physicists" refers to scientists who specialized in the field of physics and worked in the Soviet Union from its establishment in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. During this period, the Soviet Union was home to many influential physicists who made significant contributions to various areas of physics, including theoretical and experimental physics, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, and nuclear physics.

The 20th century saw significant contributions from Dutch physicists to various fields of physics. Here are some notable figures and their achievements: 1. **Hendrik Lorentz (1853–1928)** - Lorentz made groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of electromagnetism and is best known for the Lorentz transformations, which are fundamental to Einstein's theory of special relativity. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1902. 2. **Albert A.

The 20th century saw significant contributions from Israeli physicists in various fields of physics. Here are a few notable figures: 1. **Raphael Mechoulam** - Known for his groundbreaking work in the field of cannabinoid research, Mechoulam is often referred to as the "father of cannabis research." His discoveries have implications in both physics (in terms of the properties of cannabinoids) and medicine.

Hungary has produced several notable physicists in the 20th century who made significant contributions to various fields of physics. Here are a few prominent Hungarian physicists from that era: 1. **Leo Szilard (1898–1964)**: A physicist and inventor, Szilard is best known for his work on nuclear physics and his role in the development of the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project.

The 20th century saw significant contributions to physics from South African scientists, who made strides in various areas of research. Here are notable physicists from South Africa during that time: 1. **Ernest Orlando Lawrence**: Although he spent much of his career in the United States, Lawrence, born in South Africa, is famous for inventing the cyclotron, a type of particle accelerator. His work earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939.

Claudio Bunster is a notable physicist from Chile, recognized for his contributions in theoretical physics. His work encompasses various areas, including quantum gravity, black holes, and cosmology. He is affiliated with academic institutions and research organizations and has published numerous scientific papers throughout his career.

Dana Drábová is a prominent Czech nuclear physicist and public figure known for her expertise in nuclear energy and radiation safety. She has served as the chairperson of the Czech Nuclear Safety Authority (SÚJB) since 2004, where she plays a key role in regulating nuclear safety and radiological protection in the Czech Republic.

Daniel S. Fisher is a physicist known for his work in theoretical and experimental physics, particularly in the field of condensed matter physics. He has contributed to various research topics, including quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and many-body physics. Fisher is noted for his research on quantum phase transitions, disorder in quantum systems, and critical phenomena.

Dilhan Eryurt is likely a notable figure in her respective field, though as of my last update in October 2021, she isn't widely recognized in mainstream global media or academia. If she has gained prominence after that date, I would not be aware of it.

21st-century New Zealand physicists have made significant contributions across a variety of fields within physics, including experimental physics, theoretical physics, astrophysics, and materials science. Some notable physicists and their contributions include: 1. **Sir Paul Callaghan** - An influential physicist known for his work in the fields of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and materials science. He was also a prominent science communicator, advocating for the importance of science in society.

Lassina Zerbo is a notable figure in the field of nuclear non-proliferation and arms control. He is best known for his role as the Executive Secretary of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), a position he has held since 2013. The CTBTO is responsible for monitoring compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, which aims to ban all nuclear explosions and thus promote nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation.

Liguri Mosulishvili does not appear to be a widely recognized individual, term, or concept in the public domain as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It's possible that it could refer to a specific person, an emerging topic, or a term that has arisen after that date.

Rabia Salihu Sa'id does not seem to be a widely recognized figure or concept as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. It’s possible that Rabia Salihu Sa'id could refer to a person who has gained prominence after this date or is known in specific regional or professional contexts.

Vassili Nesterenko might refer to a specific individual, but without further context, it's difficult to identify who that might be, as there could be multiple people with that name. If you are referring to a notable figure, please provide additional details, such as their profession or contributions, so I can give you accurate information.

21st-century software refers to the applications, platforms, and systems developed and deployed in the 21st century, primarily since the year 2000. This category encompasses a wide range of technologies and trends that reflect the evolution of software development practices, user needs, and computing capabilities in recent years.

In the context of Wikipedia and similar collaborative projects, "stubs" refer to articles that are incomplete and provide insufficient information on a topic. They are essentially minimal entries that may be just a couple of paragraphs long and need more content to adequately cover the subject matter.

The 21st century has seen significant contributions from Brazilian physicists in various fields of physics, including condensed matter physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and quantum information. Some notable Brazilian physicists and their contributions include: 1. **Marcelo Gleiser**: An influential theoretical physicist who has made contributions to cosmology and the understanding of the origins of the universe. He is also known for his work in science communication and his efforts to bridge science and spirituality.