Water mass refers to a body of water in the ocean or sea that has relatively uniform temperature, salinity, and density in a three-dimensional space. These properties influence the water's characteristics, such as its movement, circulation patterns, and interaction with marine ecosystems. Water masses are classified based on their formation mechanisms, temperature, salinity, and location.

A measurable group is a concept from the field of measure theory, a branch of mathematics that deals with the formalization of notions such as size, area, and volume in more complex settings. Specifically, a measurable group is a group equipped with a measure that allows for the integration and differentiation of functions defined on that group.

Himiko is a Lyman-alpha blob, which is a type of astronomical object characterized by an extended region of hydrogen gas that emits Lyman-alpha radiation. These blobs are typically found at high redshifts, indicating that they are situated at significant distances from Earth and are observed as they were in the early universe. Himiko itself is noteworthy because it is one of the largest and most luminous Lyman-alpha blobs discovered to date.

Baroclinic instability is a phenomenon in ocean and atmospheric dynamics that occurs due to the interaction between density variations and the shear of velocity in different layers of fluid. In the ocean, baroclinic conditions exist when there is a vertical density gradient, typically due to temperature (thermocline) and salinity (halocline) differences. This gradient causes the density of seawater to vary with depth, leading to differing pressure fields at different depths.

S/2004 S 28 is a small natural satellite (moon) of the planet Saturn. It was discovered in 2004 and is categorized as one of the numerous irregular moons of Saturn. Its designation follows the convention used for naming Saturn's moons, where "S/2004" indicates that it was discovered in 2004, and "S" refers to Saturn. The "28" signifies it is the 28th satellite discovered around Saturn using that designation system.

The Quintom scenario is a concept that originates from the field of cosmology and theoretical physics, particularly in relation to dark energy and the acceleration of the universe's expansion. It describes a hypothetical model for the universe's evolution involving different phases of cosmic expansion. In the Quintom scenario, the universe is thought to transition between different states of dark energy.

As of my last update in October 2021, Vorton is not a widely recognized term in any particular field. However, it might refer to a specific company, technology, or product that emerged or gained prominence after that date.

"Marine geography stubs" typically refers to short or incomplete articles on marine geography topics within a collaborative platform like Wikipedia. Stubs are articles that provide limited information and are often marked as such, indicating that they need expansion and additional content to cover the topic more comprehensively. Marine geography itself is a subfield of geography that focuses on the study of marine environments, including oceans, seas, and coastal areas.

Ocean currents are large-scale movements of seawater that flow through the world's oceans. These currents are driven by a combination of factors, including wind patterns, the Earth's rotation (the Coriolis effect), temperature differences, salinity variations, and the shape of coastlines and ocean basins. There are two main types of ocean currents: 1. **Surface Currents**: These currents occur in the upper layer of the ocean and are primarily driven by wind.

A **projective variety** is a fundamental concept in algebraic geometry, related to the study of solutions to polynomial equations in projective space. Specifically, a projective variety is defined as a subset of projective space that is the zero set of a collection of homogeneous polynomials. ### Key Components of Projective Varieties 1.

A cuspate foreland is a coastal landform that protrudes into the sea, typically characterized by a pointed or triangular shape. It usually forms at the mouth of a river or where two opposing currents meet, leading to the accumulation of sediment due to the processes of erosion and deposition. The formation of cuspate forelands is influenced by various factors, including wave action, tidal currents, and the availability of sediment.

The European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory (EMSO) is a scientific initiative designed to provide a long-term observatory for the study of the deep-sea environment and the water column. EMSO aims to gather and share high-quality, real-time data on various marine phenomena, including physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring in deeper ocean waters.

Glacio-geological databases are specialized collections of geological and glaciological data that focus on the study of glaciers, ice sheets, and their interactions with the Earth's geology. These databases may include a wide range of information, such as: 1. **Geological Mapping**: Data on rock types, mineral compositions, and geological structures in regions affected by glacial processes.

Langmuir circulation is a type of large-scale, horizontal circulation pattern that occurs in the ocean, particularly in the upper layer of water. It is characterized by the formation of parallel, counter-rotating vortices, or cells, that can stretch several hundred meters in length and range from a few meters to tens of meters in width. These circulation patterns are driven primarily by wind stress on the ocean surface.

Jason-3 is a satellite mission designed for monitoring sea surface height (SSH) and ocean dynamics. Launched on January 17, 2016, Jason-3 is the fourth satellite in a series of missions that began with TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992 and continued with Jason-1 and Jason-2.

A list of recorded icebergs by area typically includes notable icebergs that have been measured and documented due to their size and impact on the environment or shipping lanes. Icebergs are generally classified by their size, with "large" icebergs being those that exceed 5,000 square meters.

The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) was an international research program established in the late 1980s to investigate the role of the oceans in the global carbon cycle and to better understand the biological and physical processes that drive oceanic carbon fluxes. The program aimed to quantify how carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere and the ocean, and how this process affects climate change and marine ecosystems.

Nonlinear tides refer to the complex behavior of ocean tides that cannot be adequately described by the linear superposition of tidal constituents. Traditional tidal models often rely on linear approximations, where the effects of different forces (like the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun) are summed linearly. However, in reality, tidal motion and the response of the ocean to these forces can exhibit nonlinear characteristics due to various factors.

Relative wind stress refers to the force exerted by the wind on a surface, such as the ocean's surface or a land surface, taking into account the relative motion between the wind and the surface. In meteorology and oceanography, it is an important factor in understanding various phenomena, such as ocean circulation, wave formation, and the transfer of momentum between the atmosphere and the ocean.

The Sverdrup balance is a fundamental concept in oceanography that describes the relationship between the wind-driven circulation of the ocean and the resulting geostrophic flow. It is named after the Norwegian oceanographer Fridtjof Nansen Sverdrup.