Internal waves are gravity waves that occur within a fluid medium, typically in oceans or other large bodies of water, but they can also occur in any stratified fluid, such as the atmosphere. These waves propagate along surfaces of different densities, which can be caused by variations in temperature, salinity, or other properties that lead to stratification.
Modulational instability is a phenomenon that occurs in nonlinear systems, particularly in the context of wave propagation. It refers to the tendency of a homogeneous wave train (a continuous wave that has a constant amplitude and frequency) to become unstable and develop spatial or temporal variations in amplitude, leading to the formation of localized structures, such as solitons or rogue waves. This instability arises in various fields, including fluid dynamics, nonlinear optics, plasma physics, and condensed matter physics.
Japan wax, also known as "sumac wax" or "Japanese wax," is a type of natural wax derived from the berries of the **Rhus succedanea** tree, which is native to East Asia, particularly Japan. The wax is extracted by collecting the berries, which are then dried and processed to obtain the wax.
Chinese numbered list by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
For some reason Chinese people (and their sphere of influence such as Japan) are obsessed by numbered lists, e.g. stuff like Four Beauties, Four Treasures of the Study and so on!
The concept does exist in the West (e.g. The Seven Wonders of the World), but clearly the Sinosphere is much more obsesse by it!
Chinese scholar by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
On Wikipedia we only find the term Scholar-official. But the idea of the ancient Chinese scholar is a bit wider as a concept, and even people who were not trying to be officials could thrive to follow certain aspects of the scholar way of life.
Chinese scholar house by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
Confucian Scholar's House by Asian Art Museum (2009)
Source. The only video on YouTube showing the house of a scholar!? It is alas about Korean scholars, but the concept is basically the same.
Chinese cuisine by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
One of the best in the world, but you need to know how to find real restaurants if you are not in China.
Some stuff at: cirosantilli.com/china-dictatorship/#the-best-chinese-food but that is bound to die one guesses.
Eight Chinese Cuisines by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
This classification is too restrictive, and too South-centered. But if is worth knowing.
Century egg by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Figure 1. . Source. One of the few Chinese things Ciro Santilli never got into!
Paraffin wax is a type of wax that is derived from petroleum, coal or shale oil. It is a white or colorless solid that is odorless and tasteless. Paraffin wax is made up of long-chain hydrocarbons, and its melting point typically ranges from about 46 to 68 degrees Celsius (115 to 154 degrees Fahrenheit).
The weather in 2012 varied greatly around the world, influenced by a mix of natural climate patterns, such as El Niño and La Niña, and human-induced factors. Here are some highlights of significant weather events and trends from that year: 1. **United States**: - The summer of 2012 was marked by one of the most severe droughts in the Midwest and Great Plains, impacting agriculture significantly.
A kinetic scheme refers to a mathematical framework or model used to describe the behavior of a system's particles in terms of their individual trajectories, velocities, and interactions. This concept is often employed in fields like statistical mechanics, fluid dynamics, and kinetic theory. In more detail: 1. **Kinetic Theory of Gases**: In physics, the kinetic theory of gases explains the macroscopic properties of gases in terms of their microscopic constituents (the molecules) and their kinetic energy.
Sugarcane wax is a natural wax derived from the processing of sugarcane, a tropical grass primarily cultivated for its juice, which is rich in sucrose. The wax is extracted from the plant's leaves or stems and is primarily composed of long-chain fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and esters.

Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project

Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
  1. topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus
    Articles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
    • a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
    • a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
    This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
    Figure 1.
    Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page
    . View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative
  2. local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:
    This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
    Figure 2.
    You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either https://OurBigBook.com or as a static website
    .
    Figure 3.
    Visual Studio Code extension installation
    .
    Figure 4.
    Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation
    .
    Figure 5.
    Web editor
    . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.
    Video 3.
    Edit locally and publish demo
    . Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.
    Video 4.
    OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo
    . Source.
  3. https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook-media/master/feature/x/hilbert-space-arrow.png
  4. Infinitely deep tables of contents:
    Figure 6.
    Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents
    .
    Descendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact