Mehran Kardar is a prominent physicist known for his contributions to the fields of statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, and biophysics. He has been involved in research that explores various topics, including phase transitions, critical phenomena, and complex biological systems. Kardar is also recognized for his work in the mathematical frameworks that describe these phenomena, employing tools from statistical physics and field theory.

Meibography is a diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize the meibomian glands located in the tarsal plates of the eyelids. These glands are responsible for producing meibum, an oily substance that is a crucial component of the tear film, helping to reduce tear evaporation and maintain ocular surface health. The procedure typically involves using specialized cameras or imaging systems, such as infrared or other forms of light, to capture images of the meibomian glands.

Mekorot is the national water company of Israel, responsible for the management and supply of water resources in the country. Established in 1937, its primary goal is to ensure a reliable and sustainable water supply for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use. Mekorot operates a network of water pipelines, reservoirs, and treatment facilities, and it plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of Israel's water infrastructure.

In linguistics, particularly in the context of generative grammar and the study of syntax, "Merge" is a fundamental operation proposed by Noam Chomsky in his theory of the minimalist program. Merge is a syntactic operation that combines two elements to create a new structure. There are two types of Merge: 1. **External Merge**: This combines a lexical item (a word or a morpheme) with a structure or another lexical item.

Metalworking measuring instruments are tools and devices used to measure various attributes of metal parts and components during the fabrication and manufacturing process. Accurate measurements are crucial in metalworking to ensure parts fit together correctly, function properly, and meet specified tolerances and standards. Here are some common types of measuring instruments used in metalworking: 1. **Calipers**: - **Vernier Calipers**: Measure internal and external dimensions as well as depth.

Metaphysical naturalism is a philosophical viewpoint that asserts that everything that exists can be explained by natural causes and laws, without invoking supernatural elements or entities. It posits that the universe is governed by physical processes, and that all phenomena, including consciousness, morality, and social structures, can ultimately be understood in terms of natural science.

Methylation-induced premeiotically refers to the process where DNA methylation modifications occur in the germ cells (sperm and eggs) before meiosis, which is the type of cell division that produces gametes. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that involves the addition of a methyl group to the DNA, typically at cytosine bases, and plays a critical role in regulating gene expression, maintaining genome stability, and influencing various biological processes.

The metric derivative is a concept in differential geometry that generalizes the notion of a derivative of a function with respect to a curve in a metric space. It is particularly useful when dealing with the paths or curves in spaces where the usual notion of differentiation may not apply directly, such as in Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian manifolds.

Michio Jimbo is a distinguished mathematician known for his contributions to the fields of mathematics, particularly in areas such as integrable systems, algebraic geometry, and mathematical physics. He is recognized for his work on the theory of solitons and has made significant advancements in understanding the mathematical structures underlying integrable systems. Jimbo is also known for his collaborations with other researchers and has authored or co-authored numerous papers and publications.

Micropatterning refers to a set of techniques used to create structured patterns on a microscopic scale, typically in the range of micrometers to nanometers. These patterns can be applied to various substrates, including glass, silicon, polymers, and metals, and are used in a wide range of applications across fields such as materials science, biology, and electronics. The primary goal of micropatterning techniques is to control the organization and arrangement of materials or cells at the microscale.

The Mid-Atlantic Bight is a region of the northeastern United States that describes the coastal area along the Atlantic Ocean from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, down to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This area encompasses a portion of the continental shelf and is characterized by various physical, biological, and oceanographic features. Key characteristics of the Mid-Atlantic Bight include: 1. **Geography**: The region includes sandy beaches, bays, and estuaries.

Mikhael Gromov is a prominent Russian-French mathematician known for his contributions to various fields within mathematics, including geometry, topology, and group theory. Born on December 8, 1943, in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Gromov has made significant advancements in understanding geometric structures, especially in the context of differential geometry and metric spaces.

Miles Dyson is a fictional character in the "Terminator" franchise, particularly known for his role in "Terminator 2: Judgment Day." He is portrayed as a scientist and engineer who plays a crucial role in the creation of Skynet, the artificial intelligence system that becomes self-aware and leads to a future dominated by machines. In the film, Dyson is depicted as a well-intentioned character who is unaware of the catastrophic consequences of his work.

Mineral physics is a branch of geophysics and materials science that studies the physical properties of minerals and their behavior under different conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and chemical environment. This interdisciplinary field combines principles from mineralogy, crystallography, thermodynamics, and solid-state physics to understand how minerals form, behave, and change within the Earth and other planetary bodies.

The Ministry of Medium Machine Building was a governmental entity in the Soviet Union responsible for the development of the medium machine-building industry, which included the design and production of machinery, equipment, and tools. It primarily focused on sectors like engineering, instrument-making, and the production of machinery used in various industries, including defense and space technology.

Minkowski's bound is a concept from number theory, particularly in the area of algebraic number fields and lattice point counting. It is named after the mathematician Hermann Minkowski. In the context of algebraic number theory, Minkowski's bound provides a way to estimate the size of the class number of a number field. More concretely, it establishes a bound on the norms of non-zero ideals in the ring of integers of a number field.

The expression "−1" represents the negative number one. In mathematics, it is used to indicate the opposite of one on the number line. This means that it is one unit to the left of zero. The concept of negative numbers is fundamental in mathematics and is used in various applications, including algebra, calculus, and real-world situations like temperature measurements below freezing or financial debts.

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a cellular signaling pathway that is activated in response to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within the mitochondria. This response is critical for maintaining mitochondrial function and overall cellular health. ### Key Features of UPRmt: 1. **Activation**: The UPRmt is triggered when mitochondrial stress occurs, which can be caused by various factors such as oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, or damages to mitochondrial DNA.

Modular representation theory is a branch of representation theory that deals with the study of algebraic structures, particularly groups, over fields with finite characteristic. This area of mathematics arises in various contexts, particularly in the representation theory of finite groups and modular forms in algebra. Here's a breakdown of key concepts in modular representation theory: 1. **Representation Theory**: This is the study of how algebraic structures (like groups, rings, or algebras) can be represented through matrices and linear transformations.

Mohamed M. Atalla was an Egyptian-American engineer and physicist, widely regarded for his pioneering work in the field of semiconductor technology. He is best known for his contributions to the development of the MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor), a fundamental component in modern electronic devices. His innovations have had a significant impact on the advancement of integrated circuits and microelectronics. Atalla worked for Bell Labs, where he conducted much of his groundbreaking research.