A passing chord is a chord that connects two primary chords in a progression, helping to bridge the harmonic gap between them. It usually appears for a brief duration and serves to create smoother transitions, add tension, or embellish the music. Passing chords can be rooted in the diatonic scale (the scale based on the key of the piece) or can be chromatic (outside the main key). They often provide more harmonic interest and can enhance the overall movement of the progression.

Gamaka is a term used in Indian classical music, particularly in the context of both Carnatic and Hindustani traditions. It refers to the ornamentation or embellishment of notes, which adds expressiveness and depth to melodies. Gamakas are integral to the interpretation of ragas, as they help to convey the emotional and aesthetic qualities specific to each raga.

Hebrew cantillation, also known as "ta'amei mikra," refers to a system of musical notations used to guide the chanting of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) during public readings in synagogues. These notations serve multiple purposes, including indicating pitch, rhythm, and phrasing of the text, as well as highlighting the grammatical structure and meaning of the verses. The cantillation marks, called "trop," are placed above or below the words of the text.

"Karne parah" does not appear to refer to a widely recognized term or concept in English or any specific field. It is possible that it might be a phrase from a regional language, a cultural reference, or a misspelling.

"Music sources" can refer to various aspects depending on the context. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **Origin of Music**: This can refer to the different genres or traditions from which music originates, such as classical, folk, jazz, rock, etc. Each genre has its own historical and cultural background.