The Institute of Marine Sciences at the University of Chittagong in Bangladesh is a prominent academic and research institution dedicated to the study of marine sciences and related disciplines. Established to foster education and research in marine biology, oceanography, and environmental science, the institute plays a crucial role in understanding and managing marine ecosystems, particularly in the context of the Bay of Bengal.

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organization that was established in 1921 to ensure that all the world's seas, oceans, and navigable waters are properly surveyed and charted. Its mission is to promote the development of hydrographic surveying and the use of hydrographic information worldwide to enhance safety at sea, protect the marine environment, and support maritime activities.

The José Benito Vives de Andréis Marine and Coastal Research Institute, known in Spanish as "Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis" (IIAMC), is a scientific research institution located in Colombia. It is focused on marine and coastal studies, conducting research to understand and conserve marine ecosystems, fisheries, and coastal resources. The institute aims to provide scientific knowledge that supports sustainable management and conservation efforts in marine and coastal areas.

Living Art Marine Center is an organization or facility that focuses on marine education, conservation, and the display of marine life. While there may be variations in specific services offered, such centers typically feature interactive exhibits, aquariums, and educational programs aimed at promoting awareness and appreciation of marine ecosystems. They may also engage in research and conservation efforts to protect marine species and habitats.

The Marine Science Institute (MSI) in San Francisco Bay is an educational and research institution that focuses on marine and environmental science. It is located in the San Francisco Bay area and is affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley. MSI's mission is to provide hands-on scientific education, research, and outreach related to marine and estuarine environments.

The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) is a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the United States. It is responsible for the design, operation, and maintenance of a network of buoys and other data collection platforms in the oceans and Great Lakes. These buoys gather real-time meteorological and oceanographic data, such as wave heights, wind speeds, air and water temperatures, and atmospheric pressure.

The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in Pakistan is a scientific research organization that focuses on the study of oceanography and its related fields. Established in 1982, NIO operates under the Ministry of Science and Technology of Pakistan. Its main objectives include conducting research on the country's marine and coastal environments, promoting the sustainable use of ocean resources, and advancing knowledge related to marine science.

The Northeast Regional Ocean Council (NROC) is a collaborative initiative that brings together state and federal agencies, stakeholders, and communities in the northeastern United States to address ocean and coastal management issues. Established in the early 2000s, NROC aims to enhance regional decision-making and policy coordination regarding the sustainable use and conservation of ocean and coastal resources.

The Hadal zone is the deepest part of the ocean, generally defined as the regions of the ocean that lie below 6,000 meters (about 19,685 feet), reaching down to the ocean floor of the deepest trenches, such as the Mariana Trench. This zone is characterized by extreme conditions, including immense pressure, near-freezing temperatures, and complete darkness. Organisms that inhabit the Hadal zone, known as hadal organisms, have adapted to these extreme conditions.

The Marine Mammal Center is a nonprofit organization based in Sausalito, California, dedicated to the rescue, rehabilitation, and scientific study of marine mammals. Founded in 1975, the center plays a crucial role in conservation efforts, particularly for species such as sea lions, seals, and whales along the coast of California.

Wee Wee Caye Marine Lab, often referred to as Wee Wee Caye, is a marine research facility located on Wee Wee Caye, a small island off the coast of Belize. The lab is primarily associated with the study of marine biology and ecology, focusing on the diverse marine environments of the Belize Barrier Reef, which is one of the largest coral reef systems in the world.

The supralittoral zone, also known as the supratidal zone, is the area of the shoreline that is above the high tide line and typically remains dry except during extreme weather events, such as storms or unusually high tides. This zone is characterized by a variety of conditions influenced by both terrestrial and marine factors, including exposure to sunlight, wind, and occasional salt spray.

Polar science is an interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on the polar regions of the Earth, including the Arctic and Antarctic. It encompasses a broad range of scientific disciplines, including but not limited to: 1. **Glaciology**: The study of glaciers and ice sheets, including their dynamics, formation, and the effects of climate change on ice masses.

The Queen Charlotte Triple Junction is a tectonic boundary located in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, near the coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is a significant geological feature where three tectonic plates meet: the Pacific Plate, the North American Plate, and the Juan de Fuca Plate. This junction is characterized by a complex interplay of tectonic processes, including plates moving past one another (transform boundaries) and converging (subduction zones).

Anita Conti, also known as "the woman of the sea," was a pioneering French oceanographer and researcher, born on June 3, 1899, and passed away on February 18, 1997. She is recognized for her significant contributions to the study of marine biology and fisheries. Conti was one of the first women to explore the field of oceanography and devoted much of her life to studying marine ecosystems, particularly in the North Atlantic.

The Jason satellite series refers to a group of Earth observation satellites focused primarily on monitoring oceanographic conditions and sea level rise. The series is a collaborative effort involving NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the French space agency CNES (Centre National d'Études Spatiales), with contributions from the European Space Agency (ESA).

The Magellan Rise is an oceanic plateau located in the southern Pacific Ocean, specifically off the coast of South America, near the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. It is named after the explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who was one of the first Europeans to navigate the region. Oceanic plateaus like the Magellan Rise are typically characterized by their relatively shallow depths compared to the surrounding ocean floor and can consist of volcanic and sedimentary rocks.

In the context of climate science, a "proxy" refers to a substitute or indirect measurement that provides information about past climate conditions. Because direct measurements, like temperature and precipitation data, are often only available for the last few hundred years, scientists use proxies to infer climate conditions from much earlier periods.

Research vessels of Australia are ships specifically designed or modified for conducting scientific research in marine and oceanographic studies. These vessels play a vital role in a wide variety of fields, including marine biology, oceanography, geology, climate science, and more. They are equipped with specialized tools and technologies to carry out data collection and analysis.

Research vessels in Finland are specialized ships used for scientific research, primarily in marine and freshwater environments. These vessels are equipped with advanced technology and instruments to conduct various types of research, including: 1. **Oceanography**: Studying physical, chemical, and biological properties of the sea. 2. **Marine Biology**: Collecting data on marine life, ecosystems, and biodiversity. 3. **Hydrology**: Investigating water bodies, including lakes and rivers, focusing on water quality and dynamics.